3836647
Description
Flashcards by Aileen Garcia-Sanche, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Aileen Garcia-Sanche
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 14th Amendment | One of the Civil War Amendments; defined US citizenship and guarantees "equal protection under the laws" |
| De Jure Segregation | Segregation established by law. For Example: Jim Crow & the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. |
| De Facto Segregation | Latin phrase that means "by fact". Segregation that occurred NOT by law but as result of tradition. Example: In the 1900s blacks and whites attended separate churches. |
| Jim Crow Laws | Segregation laws in the South |
| Original Jurisdiction | Authority of a court to hear a case for the FIRST time. |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear a case APPEALED from a lower court |
| Legal Brief | A written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case. |
| Majority Opinion | A statement that presents the views of the majority of the Supreme Court justices regarding a case. |
| Dissenting Opinion | A statement written by a Supreme Court justice who disagrees W/ the majority opinion, presenting his or her own opinion |
| "Stare Decisis" | Principle followed by judges and the Supreme Court; a Latin term that means"Let Yesterday's Opinion Stand" |
| Precedent | A ruling that is used as the bias for a judicial decision in a later, similar case. |
| SUPREME COURT CASES | 14th AMENDMENT CASES |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) | Case of slaves named Dred Scott. The Supreme Court ruled that enslaved African Americans were property, not citizens, and had no rights under the Constitution |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | Case about Homer Plessy, a black man, who purchased a ticket ride in the whites only railroad car in Louisiana. Case established "Separate But Equal" doctrine |
| Brown v. Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) | Banned segregation in public schools |
| Briggs v. Elliott (1954) | Cause that challenged segregation schools in Clarendon County, South Carolina |
| Korematsu v. United States (1944) | During WWII Japanese American citizens living on the West Coast were moved to internment camps. Supreme Court upheld the President's authority to do this. This case is an example of the President's power to issue an executive order, checks and balances, and Judicial review |
| University of California v. Bakke (1978) | Supreme Court case on affirmative action. It bars. It bars use of racial quota systems in college admissions but also affirmative action programs are constitutional |
| Reverend J. A Delaine | A local pastor & teacher at Liberty Hill Elementary School. In 1947, Delaine and a group of black parents sued Clarendon County School District #22. |
| Harry Briggs Jr. | A boy who walked a far distance from and to school everyday. His family sued the school district for being segregated. |
| Thurgood Marshall | Considered a civil rights hero, he became the first African-American Supreme Court justice. |
| John W. Davis | A judge on the Supreme Court who wanted to support desegregation. |
| Earl Warren | A Cali governor who was later became chief justice and supported the Internment of Japanese Americans |
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