*Biology iGCSE - Topic 3 -Reproduction and Inheritance - Reproduction Paper 1

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Plants can reproduce sexually or asexually. Plants that reproduce sexually can be pollinated by insects or by wind. (a) State three ways in which the structure of insect-pollinated flowers differs from the structure of wind-pollinated flowers. 1. larger petals 2. colour; 3. enclosed stamens 4. enclosed carpels 5. stigma not feathery
A. Petals B. Anther C. Filament
The flower in the diagram is insect-pollinated. An insect carrying pollen lands on the flower. Describe the events that lead to seed formation. 1. igma; 2. pollen tube grows 3. into ovule / ovary 4. en rs via micropyle 5. male gamete 6. fertilisation 7. female gamete 8. ovule becomes seed 9. ovule wall becomes seed coat 10.0. ovary becomes fruit
1. large petals 2. bright petals 3. scent 4. nectar
Cell division in an organism can take place by mitosis or by meiosis. Give three ways in which mitosis differs from meiosis 1. used in growth / used in repair / used in asexual reproduction 2. genetically identical cells produced 3. chromosome number stays the same 4. 2 cells produced 5. not used to make gametes;
Suggest why a flower grower may want his coloured flowers to reproduce asexually 1. look the same / all identical 2. no genetic variation 3. quick re production; 4. production all year round
gametes zygote embryo fetus baby
connection between atria connection between arteries pulmonary artery and aorta
The sex chromosomes in the cells of a mother are XX. The sex chromosomes in the cells of a father are XY. (i) Use this information to give the sex chromosomes in the cells of their male fetus. XY
Give the number of chromosomes in a body cell of the male fetus. 46 or 23 pairs
P oviduct / fallopian tube; Q ovary; R uterus / womb; S vagina;
O from oestrogen peak to trough; M from start until oestrogen line levels at start of cycle / from where progesterone peaks to end of cycle 1. thickens - 2. remains - 3. shedding - 4. egg implanted
Some women only have sexual intercourse at certain times of their menstrual cycle in order to avoid pregnancy. Explain why this may not be a reliable method of birth control. ovulation may vary within one woman length of cycle varies cycle can be irregular
Describe the role of oestrogen at puberty. (3) 1. secondary sexual characteristics; 2. start periods 3. hips widen 4. growth of breasts 5. growth of pubic hair 6. change distribution of fat
mitosis
1. A produces two daughter cells; 2. A splits once; 3. A produces cells with four chromosomes
Name a part of a flowering plant where cell division A occurs and a part where cell division B occurs. A any correctly named plant part eg tip / stem / root / buds / leaf / embryo / bulb B anther / ovule / ovary
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