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Flashcards by Andrea B, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by aliking
over 8 years ago
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Copied by Andrea B
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Codon | A three-nucleotide sequence in an mRNA sequence. Used to specify an amino acid. |
| Degenerate | Term used to describe the genetic code. Means that more than one codon can specify for a single amino acid. |
| Extragenic supression | A type of mutation that occurs outside of the genetic code, but has an effect on the amino acid sequence that is translated from the genetic code. |
| Frameshift mutation | One class of genetic code mutation that results from the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide to an mRNA sequence. Results in a new reading frame. |
| Genetic Code | The series of codons that make up an organism's DNA. |
| Intragenic suppression | A type of mutation that occurs within the genetic code to suppress a different mutation. |
| Missense mutation | One class of genetic code mutation that results from the substitution of one base group for another in a codon. Results in the change of the amino acid for which the codon specifies. |
| Mutation | An error in the genetic code caused most often by a the incorrect substitution, insertion, or deletion of a nucleotide. |
| Nonsense mutation | One class of genetic code mutation that results from the substitution of one base group for another in a codon. Results in a stop codon, a codon that can no longer be recognized by tRNA molecules. |
| Reading frame | One of three possible ways of grouping an mRNA sequence by threes to yield an amino acid sequence. |
| Silent Mutation | A substitution base mutation that changes a codon, but because of degeneracy does not change the amino acid that codon specifies. |
| Suppressor mutation | A type of genetic code mutation that alters the result of a different mutation. Can be either extragenic or intragenic. |
| Synonyms | Codons that code for the same amino acid. |
| True reversion | One type of suppression mutation that leads to the restoration of the natural genetic code sequence. |
| point mutations | alter the genetic code: missense,nonsense, and frameshift mutations |
| super wobble | U34 is partially stacked |
| Intergenic | suppressor gene can change the way the mRNA is read not the nucleotide sequence (mutant tRNA) |
| Intragenic | second mutation occurs in the same gene different site |
| expansion of genetic code (canonical amino acids) | 21 aa-selenocysteine 22 aa- pyrrolysine |
| rules of the genetic code | 1-codons read 5'-3' 2-codons-are non overlapping 3-mRNA translated in fixed reading frame |
| selenocysteine(sec,U) | -used in all domains of life -has higher reduction potential the cys -used in oxidoreductases |
| Pyroolysine (pyl, 0) | -in some archaea (methanogens) -used in methyltransferases of methane metabolism |
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