Week 2 - Info Systems

Description

• Why should you care how a computer works? • What is a Source Date Automation? • What is the difference between a Client and a Server? • What is Cloud Computing? • What do you need to know about software? • What is Application Software?
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Question Answer
Although managers and business professionals do not need to be IT experts, they should: ? And what do they need to know? - Have a basic understanding of how computer hardware and software works - Recognise that the effective use of IT Infrastructure can benefit a business's performance and productivity. * We need to not only understand how to use technology, but why we use it and the benefits it brings. * We need to know how to manage the data and the information it produces (file management). *Businesses has come to rely on IT as a critical component to the success of the business.
What are the 5 components to a computer based information system? - Hardware - Software - Data - Procedures - People
What does hardware consist of? what do these devices do together? Consists of : - Processor - Monitor - Keyboard - Printer *These devices accept, process and display data and information
What is a Network? A connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources (can be regarded as part of hardware).
What is software? A program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data.
What is a database? A database (data) is a collection of related files or tables containing data
What are procedures? The instructions for combining the above components (Hardware, network, software, database) to processes information and generate the desired output.
Components of a computer based information system
The components are integrated to form a wife variety of Info Systems found within organisations:
What are capabilities of Computer based Information systems?
Certain information systems support parts of organisations, others support entire organisations, and still others support groups of organisations.
What do you need to know about computer hardware - what are the 4 basic hardware categories? - Input > Keyboard, mouse, document scanners, bar-code scanners, microphones, magnetic ink readers - Processing > CPU and primary storage - main memory - Output > Video displays, printers, audio speakers, overhead projections, plotters - Secondary Storage > Magnetic disks, optical disks, magnetic tapes
What are the basic components of the computers? (Map)
Peripheral device types - What are types of Input devices? name at least 5. ● Keyboards ● Mouse ● Optical MouseTouchpad ● Graphics Tablet ● Joystick ● Touchscreen ● Stylus ● Digital pen ● Vocie recognition
What are types of output devices? name at least 5. Monitors ● Flexible Displays ● Retinal Scanning displays ● Head-up displays ● Printers ● Laser Printers ● Plotters ● Voice Output ● Pocket Projector
In modern business, what provides a competitive advantage? Productive working by having the right equipment
Competitive advantage - Main memory - Too little means constant memory swapping - Slows processing - Needs more memory if processing too many programs
Competitive advantage - CPU - Speed expressed in hertz - Needs the CPU to be faster if handling complex tasks
Competitive Advantage - data storage > Main memory is volatile - Contents lost when power is off > Magnetic and optical disks are nonvolatile - Saved contents survive after power is turned off
Storage, Input & Output Technology The capabilities of Computer Systems depend not only on the speed and capacity of the CU but also on the speed, capacity and design of the peripheral devices: - Secondary Storage - Input Technology - Output Technology
One of the major problems relating to Source Data Information is how to get lots of data into a computer quickly. What has been developed are devices known as Source Data Automation. What is SDA? The process of collecting data at their point of origin in digital form.
SDA captures data is a computer-readable form at the time and place the data are created. Examples include: (list at least 4) ● Optical Character Recognition (OCR) ● Bar Code readers ● QR Codes for use with smart phones ● Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) ● Handwriting Recognition ● Digital Scanners ● Magnetic Strip readers ● Sensors
What is Client-server computing? - The client (or PC) is smart and does most of the work - It only uses the server when needed - Client computers used for word processing, spreadsheets, database access (connect to servers for Web, e-mail, database) - Provides fast, large, powerful service
Client-Server computing (map)
What is cloud computing? - Refers to computer networking on the Internet - New term used in IS - Stores data on servers accessed only by the internet
Examples of Cloud Computing? - When you access a video from Facebook, you are accessing computing services in the cloud – You don’t know which server is processing or playing the video - Google Docs
Software drives the hardware: What should hardware requirements be determined by? Your hardware requirements should be determined by what you’re going to use your computer for!
2 Types of Software? – Operating or system software ● Program that controls computer’s operation and resources – Application programs ● Perform specific user tasks
Software constraints? Particular version of operating system is written for particular type of hardware ● Must conform to computer hardware. Example is Mac OS versus Windows – Application programs written to use on a particular operating system
Software (diagram)
4 Software defects? – All too often software is inefficient, poorly designed and has errors – SEI defines good software as usable, reliable, defect free and cost effective – On average professional programmers make between 100 – 150 errors every 1000 lines of code – Critical step in reducing this is better design
What is the difference between owning & licensing? - When users buy a computer program, they are buying a licence to use it: the ownership remains with the development company
What are open source programs? - Used by individuals and organisations - They are operating systems and application programs - Owned by a the open-source community - No licence fee - Companies make money by offering support
What are examples of which Open Source Software is available for free or for a small fee? - Mp3 players, open office etc.
What is Application Software? Programs written for a specific application to perform functions specified by business or end users.
What does Application software do? - Tells the hardware how to do the input, storage, processing and output functions - It employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform - Acts as the interface between the operating system and the hardware devices
Personal application software categories
Types of Installed Software Applications? - Spreadsheets (Excel) - Data management (Access) - Web Browsers (Firefox or Internet Explorer) - Apps for mobile phone
Types of Web-Based Applications? - VU Collaborate - Web search engines (Google) - Email
Why is Collaboration critical in Business? - Assist with collaborative tasks - Make life easier - No need for face-to-face meetings - Wont lose or misplace work - Able to know who is contributing and who is not - Create better results - Collaborative skills are highly marketable
What are the 5 Components of a Collaboration Information System?
Exchange of Data in various forms is essential to collaboration. What are forms of exchanging data? - Documents - Discussions - Task lists - Calendars
What are types of software and cloud servers support sharing of data? Some data is free and bundled in other applications. - Microsoft Outlook - Dropbox - Google Docs - Microsoft Powerpoints * Procedures for business use of the software must be defined.
What are Spreadsheets? - Table of data in column and rows - Rows identified by numbers - Columns identified by letters
What is a worksheet? - Refers to a spreadsheet - Workbook is a collection of worksheets in a single file
What is a cell? - Cell is intersection of a row and column - Cell address is of the form 'column row' e.g. D3 is the 4th column along the 3rd row down. - Cells hold data, formulas, labels - Almost no limit to number of rows and columns
Are large amounts of data better suited to spreadsheets or databases? Databases
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