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Description
Flashcards by Majida Rashid, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Majida Rashid
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Constructive | Smaller waves that have a more powerful swash than backwash. As a result they deposit material on the beach. |
| Destructive Waves | Larger waves that have a more powerful backwash than swash. As result they take material away from the beach. |
| Swash | The movement of water up the beach. |
| Backwash | The water returning back to the sea. |
| Fetch | The distance that the wind travels over open water. |
| Physical Weathering (Freeze-thaw or frost action) | 1) Water gets into the cracks of rocks. 2) When the temperature drops below freezing the water will expand as it turns into ice. 3) This expansion puts pressure on the rock around it, increasing the size of the cracks. 4) Over time this cau |
| Chemical Weathering | 1) Rainwater contains weak acids that can react with certain rock types. 2) The carbonates in limestone are dissolved by these weak acids. 3) This causes the rock to break up and disintegrate. |
| Biological weathering | 1) Seeds that fall into cracks in rocks will start to grow when moisture is present. 2) The roots force their way into the cracks, increasing the size of the cracks. 3) Burrowing animals, such as rabbits, widen the cracks further. 4) This r |
| Hydraulic Action | This is the pressure of the water being thrown against the cliffs by the wave. It also includes the air in cracks. This puts even more pressure on the cracks and pieces of rock may break off. |
| Abrasion (Corrosion) | Sand and pebbles carried within the waves are thrown against the cliff face with considerable force. These particles break off more rocks which, in turn, are thrown against the cliff by breaking wave. |
| Corrosion (Solution) | This is a chemical reaction between certain rock types and the salt and acid in the sea water. This is particularly common on limestone and chalk cliffs where the water is a dissolved blue at the bottom of the cliffs due to the dissolved li |
| Attrition | This involves the wearing away of rocks in the sea. As the boulders in the sea continually roll around, they chip away at beach other until smooth pebbles or sand are formed. |
| Solution | Minerals are dissolved in sea water and carried in solution. The load is not visible. Load can come from cliffs made from chalk or limestone, and calcium carbonate is carried along in solution. |
| Suspension | Small particles are carried in water, e.g silts and clay's, which can make the water look cloudy. Currents pick up large amounts of sediments in suspension during a storm, when strong winds generate high energy waves. |
| Saltation | Load is bounced along the sea bed, e.g small pieces of shingle or large sand grains. Currents cannot keep the larger and heavier sediment afloat for long periods. |
| Traction | Pebbles and larger sediment are being rolled along the sea bed. |
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