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Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 6

Haley Cordova English 109 cards

Cards in this deck (109)

  1. 1What 3 groups is the lower extremity broken into?Femur
    Tibia/Fibula
    Feet
  2. 2How many bones are in the foot?26
  3. 3Which bones make up the longitudinal arches of the foot?Metatarsals
  4. 4The joints in the foot are classified as?Synovial
  5. 5The joints in the foot have _____________ mobilityDiarthrodial
  6. 6What type of movement occurs at the interphalangeal joints?Ginglymus/hinge
  7. 7What type of movement occurs at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints?Ellipsoidal/condyloid
  8. 8What type of movement occurs at the tarsometatarsal joints?Plane/gliding
  9. 9What type of movement occurs at the intertarsal joints?Plane/gliding
  10. 10What type of movement occurs at the ankle joint?Sellar
    (p. 219)
  11. 11What is a common fracture site in the foot?The tuberosity at the base of the 5th metatarsal
  12. 12Sesamoid bones are almost always present on what bone in the foot?First metatarsal
  13. 13What is the largest and strongest tarsal bone?Calcaneus
  14. 14What bones does the calcaneus articulate with?Talus and cuboid
  15. 15What is the sustentaculum tali?A projection of bone on the medial side f the calcaneus that supports ("sustains") the talus
  16. 16What position of the foot best demonstrates the sinus tarsi?Oblique foot
  17. 17What 4 bones does the talus articulate with?Tibia
    Fibula
    Calcaneus
    Navicular
  18. 18What is another name for the talus?Astragulus
  19. 19What 4 bones does the navicular articulate with?Talus and 3 cuneiforms
  20. 20What 3 bones does the cuboid articulate with?4th metatarsal
    5th metatarsal
    Calcaneus
  21. 21What is the most lateral tarsal bone?Cuboid
  22. 22What do the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cuneiforms articulate with respectively?1st cuneiform articulates with 1st metatarsal and navicular
    2nd cuneiform: 2nd metatarsal and navicular
    3rd cuneiform: 3rd metatarsal and navicular
  23. 23What tarsal bones are seen on an oblique foot?*Tuberosity of calcaneus*
    2nd cuneiform
    Navicular
    Talus
    3rd cuneiform
    Cuboid
  24. 24What tarsal bones are seen on lateral foot?*Calcaneus
    *Tuberosity of calcaneus
    Cuboid
    Superimposed cuneiforms
    Navicular
    Talus
    Subtalar joint
  25. 25What position is the best to evaluate the longitudinal arches in the feet?AP and Lateral Weight-bearing
  26. 26What bones make up the transverse arch of the foot?Cuneiforms and cuboid
  27. 27What 3 bones form the ankle joint?Talus
    Tibia
    Fibula
  28. 28What is the mortise of the ankle joint?Three-sided socket on tibia and fibula that talus fits into
  29. 29Which malleolus of the ankle is more distal and posterior than the other?Lateral malleolus
  30. 30The "intermalleolar line" is ___° from the coronal plane because the lateral malleolus is more posterior15°
  31. 31The tibial plateau slopes in which direction at what angle (how many degrees)?Posteriorly 10-20°
  32. 32Why might you need to angle the tube on an AP knee projection to demonstrate an open joint?The tibial plateau slopes posteriorly 10-20°
  33. 33What is the tibial tuberosity?Prominence on anterior proximal tibia that serves as an attachment point for the patellar tendon
  34. 34What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?Stress on the patellar tendon causes the tibial tuberosity to separate
  35. 35What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?Synovial
    Diarthrodial
    Plane/gliding
  36. 36What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?Fibrous
    Amphiarthrodial (slightly moveable)
  37. 37How much and in what direction should you angle the tube for an AP foot?10-15° posteriorly
  38. 38Where do you put the CR for an AP toe?On the MTP joint of interest
  39. 39What will you see in a true AP position of the toes?Open joints
    Both sides of phalanges are concave
  40. 40How much do you rotate the foot for an oblique toe?35-40°
  41. 41For a lateral or oblique position of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd toes, which way should the foot be rotated?Medially
  42. 42For a lateral or oblique position of the 4th and 5th toes, which way should the foot be rotated?Laterally
  43. 43Where do you put the CR for oblique toe?MTP joint of interest
  44. 44Where do you put the CR for a lateral toe?1st toe: IP joint
    2nd-5th toes: PIP joint
  45. 45If a foreign body is suspected, what should you do differently for an AP foot?CR should be perpendicular to IR instead of angled 10-15° posteriorly
  46. 46What will happen if you don't angle the tube for an AP foot?You cannot see the joint spaces
    You should be able to see navicular, all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, phalanges, and metatarsals
  47. 47How much and in what direction do you rotate the foot for an oblique position?30-40° medially
  48. 48What features should you see in a radiograph of an oblique foot?Only the base of metatarsals 1 & 2 superimposed
    Tuberosity at base of 5th in profile
    Cuboid
    Sinus tarsi
  49. 49How much and in what direction would you rotate the foot for a LATERAL OBLIQUE projection?30° laterally
  50. 50What does the lateral oblique positioning of the foot show?Navicular
    Medial cuneiform
    Space between 1st and 2nd cuneiforms
  51. 51What should you see in a lateral foot radiograph?Tuberosity at base of 5th in profile
    Tibiotalar joint open
    Metatarsals superimposed
  52. 52What is the benefit of doing a lateromedial projection for a lateral foot?Easier to achieve true lateral
    But is less comfortable for patient
  53. 53How do you position for a sesamoid-tangential foot?Patient prone
    Dorsiflex foot to form 15-20° angle
    Dorsiflex 1st toe and rest it on IR
    CR directed tangentially to posterior aspect of 1st MTP (skimming back of 1st MTP)
  54. 54What will you see in a sesamoid tangential radiograph of the foot?Sesamoids in profile, not superimposed
  55. 55How much and in what direction do you angle the tube for a plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus?40° cephalic
  56. 56Where should you put the CR for a plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus?Base of 3rd metatarsal
  57. 57In a plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus what will you see if there is no rotation?Sustentaculum tali will be seen medially
  58. 58How do you position for a dorsoplantar projection of the calcaneus? (Not in Bontrager's but is listed for ARRT)Patient prone, foot dorsiflexed
    CR angled 40° caudad and directed to dorsal surface of ankle joint
  59. 59How do you position for a mediolateral view of calcaneus? (Lateral calcaneus)Foot dorsiflexed and in lateral position
    CR 1½" inferior to medial malleolus
  60. 60What should you see in a radiograph of mediolateral calcaneus?Calcaneus
    Talus
    Tibiotalar joint and sinus tarsi open
  61. 61What joint spaces will be open in a radiograph of an AP ankle?Only medial and superior mortise joint spaces will be open
    The distal tibiofibular joint will not be open
  62. 62How do you position for a AP mortise ankle?Do not dorsiflex
    15-20° medial rotation so intermalleolar plane is parallel to IR
    CR midway between malleoli
  63. 63What will you see in a mortise ankle radiograph?All 3 surfaces of mortise joint will be open
  64. 64What will you see in an oblique ankle radiograph?Distal tibiofibular joint open
    Distal fibula free of superimposition
  65. 65Where do you put the CR for a lateral ankle?On medial malleolus
  66. 66For a lateral ankle, a mediolateral projection is most common but what is the benefit of doing a lateromedial projection?Easier to get true lateral
    But less comfortable for patient
  67. 67What will you see in a radiograph of a lateral ankle?Lateral malleolus superimposed with the posterior half of the tibia
    Tibiotalar joint open
  68. 68Which projection of the ankle is usually done by a physician?Stress projection (AP Ankle inversion-eversion)
  69. 69How is the patient positioned in a stress projection of the ankle?Similar to AP Calcaneus
    CR to mid malleoli
    Stress is applied to either invert or evert plantar surface
  70. 70Why is a stress projection usually done?To assess ligament tears
  71. 71What will you see in a radiograph of AP lower leg?Both tibiofibular joints included
    Slight superimposition of both tib/fib joints
    Femoral and tibial condyles in profile
    Intercondylar eminence should be centered to intercondylar fossa
  72. 72How much should the knee be flexed for a lateral lower leg?45°
  73. 73How can you tell if the leg is in a true lateral position?Plane of patella is perpendicular to IR
  74. 74What will you see in a radiograph of a lateral lower leg?Tibial tuberosity in profile
    Distal fibula superimposed by posterior half of tibia
  75. 75What is the patellar surface? (AKA intercondylar sulcus)Smooth triangular surface on anterior distal femur
  76. 76What happens to the patella when the knee is flexed?It is drawn into the patellar surface (intercondylar sulcus)
  77. 77What do the medial and lateral femoral condyles articulate with?Articular facets or tibial plateau of tibia
  78. 78The medial femoral condyle is located 5-7° _______ to lateral femoral condyleDistal
  79. 79What will you see in a true lateral knee?Medial and lateral femoral condyles will be superimposed
  80. 80What will you see on a lateral knee radiograph if the knee is not in a true lateral position (over-rotated)?Adductor tubercle
    Also medial and lateral femoral condyles will not be superimposed
  81. 81What is the intercondylar fossa?A deep notch between the femoral condyles
  82. 82What two joints does the knee include?Femorotibial joint (femoral condyles articulating with the tibial plateau)
    Patellofemoral joint (femoropatellar joint)
  83. 83What type of movement occurs at the femorotibial joint?Bicondylar
  84. 84What type of movement occurs at the patellofemoral joint?Sellar/saddle
  85. 85Both knee joints are classified as ___________ and ____________ ?Synovial
    Diarthrodial
  86. 86What are the cruciate knee ligaments?Ligaments that crisscross front to back connecting the tibia to the femur
  87. 87What does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevent?Anterior dislocation of the knee
  88. 88What does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevent?Posterior dislocation of the knee
  89. 89What are the collateral knee ligaments?Ligaments at the sides of the knee that prevent adduction and abduction
  90. 90What bones does the medial collateral ligament connect?The tibia to the femur
  91. 91What bones does the lateral collateral ligament connect?The fibula to the femur
  92. 92What are menisci?C-shaped discs between the tibia and femur that absorb shock in the knee joint
  93. 93What type of cartilage are the menisci made of?Fibrocartilage
  94. 94What does the femoral head articulate with?Acetabulum of pelvis
  95. 95What forms the hip joint?Head of femur articulating with acetabulum of pelvis
  96. 96What is the depression on the head of the femur called?Fovea capitis
  97. 97What is the intertrochanteric crest?Bony ridge between trochanters on the posterior femur
  98. 98The line through the head and neck of the femur is angled ___________ to the body of the femurAnteriorly
  99. 99How much should the femur be rotated for an AP position?15-20° internally
  100. 100Why do we rotate the femur for an AP position?To make the femoral neck parallel to the IR
    Otherwise it will be angled
  101. 101What structure is used to determine correct rotation of femurs for an AP view?Lesser trochanter
  102. 102For a true AP the lesser trochanter should be ?Only slightly visible or not visible at all
  103. 103What does it mean if you can see the lesser trochanter of the femur in a radiograph?The femur is not in true AP, it needs to be rotated internally
  104. 104Where does the CR go for an AP knee?½" distal to the apex of the patella
  105. 105How much should you rotate the leg for an AP knee?3-5° medially
  106. 106For AP knee, if ASIS is 18cm or less from tabletop, CR should be angled ____________?5° caudad
  107. 107For AP knee, if ASIS is 19-24cm from tabletop CR should be angled ______________?CR should not be angled
    Perpendicular to IR
  108. 108For AP knee, if ASIS is 25cm or more from tabletop, CR should be angled _______ ?5° cephalad
  109. 109What should be seen in a radiograph of an AP knee?Intercondylar eminence centered to intercondylar fossa
    Portion of fibula superimposed with tibia
    Femoral and tibial condyles symmetrical
    Femorotibial joint space open

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Description
(up to AP knee)
Created by
Haley Cordova · Dec 2015
Updated
Dec 9, 2016
Views
67
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