46019
Description
Flashcards by Loquacious Locus, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Loquacious Locus
about 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Strain formula | Stress = applied force∕cross - section area σ = Nm⁻² |
| Strain formula | strain = extension∕original length E= Δx∕x |
| Young modulus formula | Young modulus = Stress∕strain = applied force x original length∕cross sectional area x extension |
| Longitudinal waves | Have compressions and rarefactions oscillate in the same direction of their propagation |
| Transverse waves | oscillate at right angles to their propagation they can be polarised |
| Wave equations | V = fv c = |
| in phase | The crests / troughs of two waves occur at the same time |
| anti phase | If one crest of a wave coincides with the trough of another |
| Constructive interference | Two waves that are in phase Produce a wave with the same wavelength but with increased amplitude |
| Destructive interference | When two waves that aren't in phase collide they combine to form a wave with lower amplitude. anti phase = complete cancellation |
| Interference pattern? | caused by two waves with a constant phase difference. consists of areas of minima and maxima |
| Standing waves? | Energy is stored within each vibrating particle Have nodes and antinodes |
| Standing waves in a tube? | Closed tube = displacement node Open tube = displacement antinode |
| What are the equations for work done | Work done = Force x displacement ΔW = FΔs J = Nm |
| What is the equation for power | Power = Work done∕time W= J∕s = Js⁻¹ W = Kgm²s⁻³ |
| Work done energy transfer | Work done with no opposition = energy transfered straight to kinetic energy With opposition = part transfered as heat |
| Formula for kinetic energy | Kinetic energy = ½ x mass x (speed)² Ek = ½mv² J = Kgm²m⁻² |
| Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed meaning that the total energy at the beginning of a reaction is the same as at the end. Energy is usually lost as heat or sound |
| Formula for gravitational potential energy | Change in gravitational potential energy = weight x change in height ΔEgrav = WΔh |
| Weight and gravity equations? | Weight = Mass x Gravitational field strength W = Mg Gravitational field strength = Gravitational force/ mass |
| Formula for density + units | Density = mass∕Volume |
| Laminar Flow | Occurs at lower speed occurs around streamlined objects layers do not mix layers are parallel velocity is constant over time |
| Turbulent flow | Chaotic Subject to sudden changes in velocity whorls∕eddies lots of mixing of layers |
| Laminar and turbulent flow |
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| Viscous drag | Caused when solids and fluid move relative to one another Layer of fluid next to the solid exerts a friction force successive layers of fluid experience frictional forces between one another as well |
| Viscosity | The coefficient of viscosity is used to compare the viscous drag of substances units = Kgm⁻¹s⁻¹, Nsm⁻², PaS |
| Stokes law formula | F = 6πη |
| Terminal velocity Formula |
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| velocity equation | |
| Hooke's law | F = KΔx |
| Brittle Meaning | Material breaks with little or no plastic deformation |
| Malleable meaning | Can be beaten into sheets; show large plastic deformation under compression |
| Ductile Meaning | Can be pulled into wires or threats; these materials show plastic deformation before failure under tension |
| Hard Meaning | Materials resist plastic deformation by surface indentation or scratching |
| Tough meaning | Can withstand impact forces and absorb a lot of energy before breaking; large forces produces moderate deformation |
| Plastic Deformation | Beyond their elastic limit, materials no longer obey Hookes law. This may cause permanent deformation if stretched any further. This is called plastic deformation |
| Strong | Has a high ultimate tensile stress value |
| Elastic strain energy formula | ½FΔx Can also be calculated by the squares under the graph ONLY WORKS WHEN HOOKS LAW APPLIES |
| Units for Mass, Energy, Power, Volume | Mass: Kilograms (Kg) Energy: Joules (J) Power: Watts (W) Volume: Meters³ (m³) |
| Combining Vectors | Must be the same type of vector. To find resultant force: Same direction: Add vectors together Opposite direction: Subtract vectors Right angles: Pythagoras theorem |
| Resolving Vectors: Definition and process | A single vector represented as a sum of two perpendicular angles (components) Process: Fh = Cosθ x magnitude Fv = Sinθ x magnitude V = Vertical, H = Horizontal, F = Force |
| Combining multiple vectors | Tip to tail method: Must be to scale Resultant velocity is the final side |
| Newtons first Law | Every object continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless made to change by the total force acting on it ∑F = 0 Horizontal and vertical ∑F's are independent |
| Free - Body Diagrams | Clearly Represent forces acting on a body. Sometimes a dot is used to represent the center of mass When acceleration is 0, all forces cancel out. (Newtons First Law) |
| Center of gravity & Center of mass | We often draw gravity as acting through a single point. We assume that each particle has a particle the same distance from the center. This can be shown by balancing an object at its center. |
| Finding center of mass | The Center of mass is the interception point of the objects lines of symmetry |
| Newtons second Law | ∑F = MA N = Kgms⁻² Resultant Force = Mass x Acceleration If there is a change in resultant force there must be an acceleration (ie ΔV) |
| Newtons Third Law | - Forces come in pairs - If body A exerts a force on body B, Body B exerts a force of equal magnitude on body A but in the opposite direction |
| Newtons Third law and Free body diagrams | Free - body diagrams only show one of a newtons law pair This is because the forces act on different bodies |
| Projectile Motion | We assume that in horizontal motion that acceleration = 0 so the equation V=S/t is used. The acceleration for the vertical motion is Gravitational field strength (9.81) |
| Displacement/time Velocity/time Common seen trends? | |
| Scalar Definitions and examples | Quantities which only contain magnitude Examples: Distance, Speed, Mass, Volume, Energy, Pwer |
| Vector Definition and examples | Quantities which contain both magnitude and direction Examples: Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, Force |
| Units for Displacement, Acceleration, Velocity, Distance, Speed | Displacement & Distance: Meters (m) Velocity & Speed: Meters per second (ms⁻¹) Acceleration: Meters per Second per Second (ms⁻²) |
| What are the equations of motion | v = u + at s = ut = ½at² v² = u² + 2as |
| What do S,U,V,A,T Stand for? | S: Displacement U: Initial Velocity V: Final Velocity A: Acceleration T: Time taken |
| What is the gradient of a displacement/time graph? How would you find it? | Velocity straight line = Δs∕Δt curve = tangent then Δs∕Δt |
| what is the area under a velocity/time graph and how would you find it? | Displacement Squares and triangles. ½b x h b x h |
| What is the gradient of a velocity/time graph and how would you find it? | Acceleration Δv∕Δt |
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