485852
Description
Flashcards by silverscimitar, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by silverscimitar
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Prokaryotic | "before nucleus" - a cell without a true nucleus |
| Eukaryotic | "true nucleus" - the nucleus is contained within a membrane-bound sac |
| Eubacteria | true bacteria |
| Archaea | organisms that live in X-TREME environments |
| Eukarya | The domain containing protists, fungi, plants, and animals |
| Producers | Organisms that make their own food using energy and simple raw materials from the environment (eg plants) |
| Consumers | Organisms that get energy and carbon by feeding on tissues, waste, or the remains of other organisms (eg animals) |
| Atom | Fundamental building block of all matter |
| Molecule | An association of two or more atoms |
| Cell | The smallest unit of life (minus viruses) |
| Organism | An individual; consists of one or more cells |
| Population | Group of individuals of a species in a given area |
| Community | All populations of all species in a given area |
| Ecosystem | A community interacting with its environment (the not-living bits: the amount of daylight, wind, etc.) |
| Biosphere | All regions of Earth that hold life |
| Critical thinking | Deliberate process of judging the quality of information before deciding whether or not to accept it |
| Science | Systematic study of the observable world |
| Hypothesis | Testable explanation of a natural phenomenon |
| Scientific method | Systematically making, testing, and evaluating hypotheses |
| Prediction | A statement, based on a hypothesis, about a condition that should exist if the hypothesis is correct |
| Model | Analogous system used for testing hypotheses |
| Control group | Group not exposed to the variable being tested |
| Data | Factual information from experiments or surveys |
| Experimental group | Group of individuals who are exposed to a variable |
| Variable | Characteristic that differs among individuals over time |
| Sampling error | The difference between results derived from testing an entire group of events or individuals, and the results derived from testing a subset of the group |
| Probability | The measure, expressed as a percentage, of the chance that a particular outcome will occur |
| Statistically significant | Refers to a result that is statistically UNLIKELY to have occurred by chance |
| Scientific theory | Hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing. Cannot be proven absolutely. Can be disproven by a single observation or result that is inconsistent with it |
| Law of Nature | Generalization that describes a consistent natural phenomenon for which there is incomplete scientific explanation |
| Homeostasis | Set of processes by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges by sensing and responding to change |
| Growth | Increase in size, volume, and number of cells in multicelled species |
| Development | Multistep process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult |
| Reproduction | Process by which parents produce offspring |
| Inheritance | Transmission of DNA from parents to offspring |
| DNA | Carries hereditary information that guides development and functioning |
| Electron | Negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies orbitals around the atomic nucleus |
| Charge | Electrical property of some subatomic particles Opposite charges attract; like charges repel |
| Nucleus | Core of an atom, occupied by protons and neutrons |
| Proton | Positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of all atoms |
| Neutron | Uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus |
| Element | A pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons |
| Atomic number | Number of protons in the atomic nucleus Determines the element |
| Isotopes | Forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carry Changes the mass number, but not the charge |
| Mass number | Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element’s atoms |
| Radioisotope | Isotope with an unstable nucleus, such as carbon 14 (14C) |
| Radioactive decay | Process by which atoms of a radioisotope spontaneously emit energy and subatomic particles when their nucleus disintegrates |
| Tracers | Molecules with a detectable substance attached, often a radioisotope Used in research and clinical testing |
| Shell Model | Model of electron distribution in an atom |
| Ion | Atom that carries a charge because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons |
| Free radicals | Solitary atoms that have unpaired electrons Have a very strong tendency to interact with other atoms Interactions make them dangerous to life |
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