Flashcards
Matter and Radiation
Cards in this deck (13)
- 1We know from Rutherford's Alpha-scattering investigations that every atom contains what?Every atom is composed of a positively charged nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, and shells of electrons that surround the nucleus.
- 2What are nucleons?The word nucleon refers to a proton or a neutron in the nucleus.
- 3What are isotopes?Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.
An example is uranium's common forms:
Uranium-238 and Uranium-235 - 4What is the nucleon number? (Mass number)The total number of protons and neutrons of an atom.
- 5—A is the Mass Number
X is the chemical symbol
Z is the number of protons - 6What is a nuclide?A distinct kind of atom or nucleus characterized by a specific number of protons and neutrons. It is labelled using isotope notation.
- 7What is specific charge?The specific charge of a charged particle is defined as its charge divided by its mass.
- 8What is a stable isotope?A stable isotope is an isotope that doesn't disintegrate.
- 9What is the strong nuclear force?The strong force is the force that overcomes the electrostatic repulsion between protons in the nucleus, therefore keeping the protons and neutrons together.
- 10What is the range of the strong force?3-4 down to 0.5 femtometres (fm)
1 fm = 10^-15
At separations smaller than 0.5 fm the strong force is a repulsive force, preventing neutrons and protons from being pushed into each-other. - 11What are the three types of radioactive decay?Alpha Radiation
Beta Radiation
Gamma Radiation - 12What is Alpha Radiation?It consists of Alpha Particles. These are made out of two protons and two neutrons. It occurs as an elements nucleon number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2. As a result of the change the product nucleus belongs to a different element Y.
- 13What is Beta Radiation?It consists of fast moving electrons. We use the beta symbol to represent an electron as a beta particle. This occurs as a result of a neutron changing into a proton in the nucleus. As an additon to the beta emission an antiparticle with no charge called an antineutrino is emitted
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- AS - Level Physics (Particles, quantum phenomena and electricity) Flashcards on Matter and Radiation, created by Tom Beaumont on 19/04/2016.
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- Tom Beaumont
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