5185102
Description
Flashcards by Tom Beaumont, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tom Beaumont
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| We know from Rutherford's Alpha-scattering investigations that every atom contains what? | Every atom is composed of a positively charged nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, and shells of electrons that surround the nucleus. |
| What are nucleons? | The word nucleon refers to a proton or a neutron in the nucleus. |
| What are isotopes? | Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. An example is uranium's common forms: Uranium-238 and Uranium-235 |
| What is the nucleon number? (Mass number) | The total number of protons and neutrons of an atom. |
| A is the Mass Number X is the chemical symbol Z is the number of protons | |
| What is a nuclide? | A distinct kind of atom or nucleus characterized by a specific number of protons and neutrons. It is labelled using isotope notation. |
| What is specific charge? | The specific charge of a charged particle is defined as its charge divided by its mass. |
| What is a stable isotope? | A stable isotope is an isotope that doesn't disintegrate. |
| What is the strong nuclear force? | The strong force is the force that overcomes the electrostatic repulsion between protons in the nucleus, therefore keeping the protons and neutrons together. |
| What is the range of the strong force? | 3-4 down to 0.5 femtometres (fm) 1 fm = 10^-15 At separations smaller than 0.5 fm the strong force is a repulsive force, preventing neutrons and protons from being pushed into each-other. |
| What are the three types of radioactive decay? | Alpha Radiation Beta Radiation Gamma Radiation |
| What is Alpha Radiation? | It consists of Alpha Particles. These are made out of two protons and two neutrons. It occurs as an elements nucleon number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2. As a result of the change the product nucleus belongs to a different element Y. |
| What is Beta Radiation? | It consists of fast moving electrons. We use the beta symbol to represent an electron as a beta particle. This occurs as a result of a neutron changing into a proton in the nucleus. As an additon to the beta emission an antiparticle with no charge called an antineutrino is emitted |
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