5202642
Description
Flashcards by Natasha Gidluck, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Natasha Gidluck
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Steam Engine | An invention that uses air pressure, evaporation and condensation to power something. Used for many different purposes |
| Phlogiston Theory | The idea that heat is a liquid that has mass |
| Caloric Theory | The idea that heat is a liquid that has no mass |
| Heat | Movement of thermal energy Cannot be a possession |
| Hero of Alexandria | Made the first steam engine in the form of a bronze toy |
| Savery Steam Engine | Steam engine that was first used for work: pumping water in mines |
| Newcomen Steam Engine | Modified Savery steam engine that has a piston and does not need human labour |
| Watt Steam Engine | Modified Newcomen steam engine with two pistons that provide dual continuous action from machine |
| Steam-Turbine Engines | Fan shaped blades in a wheel that rotate in sets in opposite directions Does not use pistons |
| Work | Work done is calculated by force x distance (or displacement). It is measured in Joules |
| GRASP | Given information Required information Analyze the question Solve the question Paraphrase your answer |
| Calorie | The amount of energy added to 1g of water to increase its temperature by 1 degrees Celsius |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of motion |
| Kinetic-Molecular Theory | Molecules in gaseous form are constantly in motion Related to thermal energy |
| Thermal energy | The energy related to the continual movement of particles |
| Specific Heat Capacity | The amount of heat required to raise 1g of a substance 1 degrees Celsius |
| Temperature | A measure of the average kinetic energy in a substance |
| Thermodynamics | A specific section of physics that looks into force and motion and its relations with heat and thermal energy |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can transferred through forms and objects |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | It is not possible for any process to remove thermal energy from an energy source and convert it entirely into work |
| Combustion | The burning of a compound with oxygen. An exothermic reaction |
| Phlogiston | An invisible liquid (with mass) that comes out of substances as heat |
| Caloric | An invisible liquid (with no mass) that comes out of a substance as heat |
| Charles Parsons | The person who perfected the steam turbine engine |
| First Theories of Heat | FIRE Hot Dry AIR EARTH Wet Cold WATER |
| Early relationships of Thermal Energy | 1. Heat is equivalent to energy 2. Heat is related to energy |
| Scalar | A quantity that describes a size or amount, but has no direction |
| Vector | A quantity that describes a size or amount as well as direction |
| Distance | A scalar quantity that describes the length of a path between two points |
| Displacement | A vector quantity that describes the straight line or shortest possible distance from one point to another |
| Position | A vector quantity that describes the location of a chosen point relative to a reference point |
| Speed | A scalar quantity that describes how fast or slow something is going in relativity to the distance and time |
| Velocity | A vector quantity that describes the displacement of an object in relativity to time |
| Time | A scalar quantity that describes a point in time as it relates to the reference or starting point |
| Time Interval | Scalar quantity that describes the difference between two times |
| Uniform Motion | A type of motion where there is no change in velocity, it is constant |
| Line of best fit | A scientific tool to get the best results possible from a graph |
| Acceleration | Any change in the velocity of an object during a time interval |
| Potential Energy | An energy that an object has when doing work. Examples are gravitational, chemical, elastic, and nuclear potential energy |
| Elastic Potential Energy | The potential energy that is stored in an elastic medium |
| Chemical Potential Energy | The potential energy that is stored in bonds |
| Nuclear Potential Energy | The potential energy that is stored in the nucleus |
| Gravity | A force that acts upon every object that has mass on a planet |
| Acceleration due to Gravity | An equation of how fast something falls because of gravity: g=9.81m/s ^2 |
| Gravitational Potential Energy | The potential energy of an object falling down or the work done vertically |
| Equation for Work | W=F x d |
| Equation for Speed | V=d/t |
| Equation for Velocity | > > V=d/t |
| Equation for Average Speed | Vave=total d/total t |
| Equation for Average Velocity | > > Vave=total d/total t |
| Equation for Kinetic Energy | K=1/2mv^2 |
| Equation for Work and Change in an Energy | W=(delta)E |
| Equation for Potential Energy | U=mgh |
| Useful energy | The amount of energy gained from doing work that can be used to power something and is not 'lost' or wasted |
| Efficiency | How well a machine or object does its job based on the input and the useful output. Nothing is 100% efficient |
| Input Energy | The type and amount of energy that is used to run, power or fuel and object so that it can do work |
| Output energy | The type and amount of energy that is a product of an object doing work. Output energy almost always contains thermal energy, or heat |
| Resting Position | When an object is not moving or doing work; when there is no energy being released or absorbed |
| Waste Heat | A by-product of machines or objects doing work |
| Cogeneration | A factory built to save energy by doing an energy conversion and using a by-product or the waste to power something different |
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