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Description
Flashcards by Grace Isaac, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Grace Isaac
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is kinetic theory used to explain? | Used to explain different states of matter |
| In terms of kinetic theory, what is different about solids, liquids and gases? | They have different amounts of energy |
| What is the specific heat capacity of a substance? | The amount of energy required to change the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree celsius |
| What unit is specific heat capacity measured in? | J / kg ºc |
| What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation of a substance? | The amount of energy required to change the state of the substance from a liquid to a vapour with no change in temperature |
| What unit is specific latent heat of vaporisation measured in? | J / kg |
| What is the specific latent heat of fusion of a substance? | The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance from a solid to a liquid with no change in temperature |
| What can affect the melting point of a solid and the boiling point of a liquid? | Impurities |
| What can energy be transferred by? | Conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation/condensation |
| What is conduction? | The particles in a solid are packed closely together and they vibrate continually The hotter the object, the more kinetic energy these vibrations have. |
| What is convection? | Convection occurs when particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gas move and take the place of particles with less heat energy Hot areas of liquids and gases are less dense because they expand when heated. |
| What is radiation? | All objects give out and take in thermal radiation, which is also called infrared radiation The hotter an object is, the more infrared radiation it emits. No particles involved as infrared is an electromagnetic wave |
| What is evaporation? | The particles in a liquid have different energies Some will have enough energy to escape from the liquid and become a gas The remaining particles in the liquid have a lower average kinetic energy than before, so the liquid cools down as evaporation happens |
| What factors effect the rate of evaporation/condensation? | The rate of condensation increases if the temperature of the gas is decreased The rate of evaporation increases if: The temperature of the liquid is increased The surface area of the liquid is increased Air is moving over the surface of the liquid |
| What does the rate at which an object transfers energy depend on? | Its surface area and volume The material from which the object is made The nature of the surface with which the object is in contact |
| What increases the rate at which energy is transferred by? | A larger temperature difference between an object and its surroundings |
| What objects emit and absorb infrared raditation? | All objects |
| What increases the amount of infrared radiation an object ra | If the object is hotter |
| What surfaces are good absorbers and good emitters of infrared radiation? | Dark and matt surfaces |
| What surfaces are poor absorbers and poor emitters of infrared radiation? | Light and shiny surfaces |
| What surfaces are good relectors of infrared radiation? | Light and shiny surfaces |
| What eventually happens to wasted energy? | It is transferred to the surroundings which become warmer This energy becomes increasingly spread out and so becomes less useful |
| What may solar panels contain? And why? | Water so that it can be heated by radiation from the sun This water can then be used to heat buildings or provide domestic hot water |
| What methods are there to reduce energy loss in a house? | A cavity wall Carpets Curtains A double glazed window (narrow) Loft insulation |
| How do you measure the effectiveness of an insulator? | U-values The lower the U-value, the better the material is as an insulator |
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