Environmental and Medical Ethics

Question	Answer
What is the greenhouse effect?	Burning fossil fuels leads to increase Carbon Dioxide which makes a barrier in the atmosphere, trapping heat in. This leads to global warming
What is Acid Rain?	Fossil fuels release nitric acid and sulphuric acid into rain. This burns things when it falls as rain
What is Eutrophication?	Increased nitrates in rivers lead to a lack of oxygen causing fish to die and it allows poison to enter water supplies
What is Deforestation?	Cutting down trees leads to less oxygen, soil erosion and loss of animal homes
What is radioactive pollution?	Nuclear waste causes cancer and death
Types of resources	Renewable e.g. solar, win Non-renewable e.g. wood, coal, gas
Issues with renewable resources	Cost - it is very costly in comparison to traditional, non-renewable energies Unsightly and noisy (e.g. wind farms)
Issues with non-renewable resources	They will eventually run out so we will need to find alternative methods When burnt, many of them produce greenhouse gases or nitric/sulphuric acid which adds to pollution
How can we combat these issues?	Encouraging recycling Composting Using only what you need Switching off lights/unnecessary electrical equipment Finding alternative methods of transport
What is the Islamic creation story?	Created by a single command "Be!" Created plants and animals and put them on earth Decreed the laws by which the natural order of all creation function Took 6 days Man created from clay Breathed his own spirit into man
What is the teaching of stewardship?	We should look after the world so that it can be passed on for future generations
What is the teaching of stewardship in Islam?	The same duty of being a khalifah was passed onto Adam As his descendants, this duty passed to us Reinforced by the fact that on judgement day, Muslims will be expected to answer for any ill-treatment of the planet and its resources
What is the teaching of stewardship in Christianity?	All humans are descendants of Adam so we are stewards. God gave the world to Adam to look after an as his children, that duty passes on to us. Parable of Talents - Jesus taught us to look after and develop the talents/gifts that God has given to us and not waste it so that when God returns we have more to give back to him
Non-religious reactions to the environment	Some feel science should find a solution e.g. alternative sources of electricity Some say government should set levels for pollution Encourage alternative lifestyles
Why should Christians look after the environment?	God created the universe personally - humans should not undo this Creation seen as gift Humans are stewards as told in story of Adam and Eve Sanctity of life extends to non-human life Love your neighbour in the future means you should look after the world today
Why should Muslims look after the environment?	We are in unity with creation (TAWHID) Universe seen in balance so should maintain it "There is no altering the laws of Allah's creation" (Qur'an) Adam was khalifah Judgement - part of test of life Ummah - Muslim brotherhood. Protect other Muslims who may have been affected by climate change
What are the three treatments to overcome the issue of being infertile?	IVF Surrogacy Artificial Insemination
What is IVF?	In Vitro Fertilisation Where the sperm and egg are brought together in a Petri dish to force fertilisation to occur. After conception, the resulting embryo is implanted into the womb and the pregnancy continues as normal. The sperm and egg can be taken from the 'parents' or can be donated
What is artificial insemination?	Where the sperm is mechanically inserted into the woman and fertilisation is allowed to occur naturally. The sperm can come from the partner / husband or a dondor
What is surrogacy?	Where a woman has a baby on behalf of another couple. The surrogate mother is the legal mother so the couple whose baby she is having must be adopt the child once it is born
Christian teachings FOR fertility treatments	Christians are taught to 'be fruitful and multiply' and so these treatments enable Christians to fulfil this duty God gave ability to create treatments so we should make use of them God does not condemn surrogacy in the Bible - Abraham and Sarah use surrogacy to have Ishmael Jesus' teachings on love and golden rule
Christian teachings AGAINST fertility treatments	Sanctity of Life "The Lord gives and the Lord takes away" Using donors the equivalent of committing adultery - threatens sanctity of marriage Children are blessing from God, and if God wishes you to be pregnant then you will be - overturning God's plan Infertility part of God's plan IVF opposed - waste of life (embryos)
Islam teachings FOR fertility treeatments	All Muslims expected to have children Less problematic when no donor used In Qur'an Muslims are allowed to use science for benefit of humanity IVF not problematic because embryos are 2 weeks old - receive soul at 120 days
Islam teachings AGAINST fertility treatments	Shirk Will of Allah of you are to have children or not Donors threaten sanctity of marriage so is like adultery Anonymous donors problematic - denies children right to know their parentage - a right of all people for Muslims
Christian teachings FOR transplant surgery	Jesus was a healer Sanctity of life - prolong it as best we can Loving and charitable - "love your neighbour" Immortality of the soul - does not require the body after death so does not matter if organs are removed
Christian teachings AGAINST transplant surgery	Sanctity of life - you should not use remove organs from one person to save another "Though shalt not kill" - contradicts Id you need a transplant. God has decided that your time is up - usurps role of God Heart transplants problematic because a person's soulcould be within heart Bodily resurrection
Islam teachings FOR transplant surgery	Duty to save a life, not end it Qur'an allows use of science for benefit of humanity To save a life of another is held high in esteem "Whoever saves the life of one person, it would be as if he saved the life of all mankind"
Islam teachings AGAINST transplant surgery	Shirk - playing Allah If you need a transplant, it is because Allah has decided your time is up Life is a test Bodily resurrection requires the body to be whole

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	Created by Anisha Rai almost 8 years ago