5528012
Description
| Question | Answer |
| What is bronchiectasis in general? | Permanent, abnormal dilation and destruction of bronchial walls With chronic inflammation, airway collapse, and ciliary loss/dysfunction --> impaired clearance of secretions |
| Most common cause of bronchiectasis | CF (50%) |
| Other causes of bronchiectasis | - Recurrent infections - Primary ciliary dyskinesia (Kartagener's) - Autoimmune diseases - Humoral immunodeficiency - Airway obstruction |
| Clinical features of bronchiectasis (4) | - Chronic cough with foul-smelling, mucopurulent sputum - Dyspnea - Hemoptysis - Recurrent or persistent pneumonia |
| Diagnostic study of choice for bronchiectasis | High-res CT |
| Main goal in treating bronchiectasis | Preventing complications of pneumonia and hemoptysis |
| Treatment for bronchiectasis (2) | - Antibiotics for acute exacerbations - Bronchial hygiene: hydration, chest physiotherapy (postural drainage, chest percussion), inhaled bronchodilators |
| Mode of inheritance of CF | AR |
| Genetic defect in CF | Defective chloride channel protein Impaired chloride and water transport, leading to think, viscous secretions |
| Organs/systems affected by abnormal chloride channels in CF (5) | - Respiratory tract - Exocrine pancreas - Sweat glands - Intestines - GU tract |
| rhDNase | recombinant human deoxyribonuclease Inhaled medication that breaks down DNA in respiratory mucus that is clogging the airways |
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