P6-Radioactive Materials

Question	Answer
Alpha Particles	Most Ionising Least Penetrating-paper/skin
Beta Particles	Mid Ionising Mid Penetrating-thin metal
Gamma Rays	Least Ionising Most Penetrating - lead
Nuclear Fusion	when two hydrogen nuclei are brought close together and fuse -releases a lot of energy
Isotopes	atoms of an element that have a differet mass number due to a different number of neutrons
E=mc2	E=energy produced M=change in mass C=speed of light calculates energy released during fission+fusion
Alpha Decay	when alpha particles is emitted from the nucleus=lost 2p+2n atmos mass-4, atomic number-2 =new element, 2 places back
Beta Decay	neutron changes into p + an e p stays+e leaves atom (b particles) nucleus-1+p,1-n atomic number+1
Half Life	time taken for number of atoms to halve (decay)
Radioactive Decay	when unstable atoms break down and change into a different type of atom
Background Radiation	cosmic rays, plants, animals, rocks
Irridation	cells are directly damaged by radiation of a material
Contamination	damage produced by inhaled radiation
Radiotherapy	using high doses of ionising radiation to kill cancerous cells x-rays or in body
Sterilisation	gamma radiation kills microorganisms

Resource summary

	Created by gatha.jayamohan about 10 years ago