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Description
Flashcards by Ginamarie DeMilio, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ginamarie DeMilio
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Value of Communication Beneficial outcomes. Four outcomes | Personal life Personal relationships Professional life Civic life |
| Define Communication | A Systemic Process in which people interact with and through Symbols to create and interpret Meanings. Four Keys |
| Four Keys to Communication | Process Systems Symbols Meaning |
| Process of communication | Ongoing continuity, the beginning and end of which are difficult to identify. |
| System of communication | A group of interrelated elements that affect one another. Variance in Openness and Homeostasis |
| Openness of System communication | Extent to which a System Affects and is Affected by its surrounding environment. |
| Homeostasis of System communication | State of Equilibrium that Systems strive for but cannot sustain. |
| Symbols of communication | Arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract representations of phenomena. Symbols are basic of language, non-verbal and thought. |
| Meaning of communication | significance we attribute to a phenomenon, what it signifies to us. two levels of meaning |
| Two Levels of Meaning | Content level of meaning Relationship level of meaning |
| Content Level of Meaning | Literal information in a message |
| Relationship Level of Meaning | Expresses the relationship between communicators. Reading between the lines. |
| Models of Communication Process | Linear- one way, 5 questions, noise Interactive-feedback Transactional |
| History of Communication | Classical Roots Rhetorical and Democratic Life Corax from Sicily with Tisias a pupil. Aristotle developed theories of rhetoric. |
| History Aristotle's Persuasion theory | Ethos-credibility of speaker Pathos-listeners emotions Logos-logic and reasoning |
| History Liberal Education 1800 | Rhetoric in education in Europe and U.S. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC) |
| History Broadening the Field 1960-70 | Social and political upheaval. Youth culture brought new ideas. Relationships, Civil Rights, Women's Movement, privileged, changes affect social and cultural behaviors. |
| History Research in Communication four methods | Quantitative Qualitative Critical Rhetoric |
| Quantitative Research | Descriptive statistics, surveys, and experiments to gather data. |
| Qualitative Research | Interpretive , textual analysis, and ethnography for measuring character in experience. |
| Critical Research | Identify, critique, or change communication practices that oppress, marginalize, or harm people. |
| Rhetorical Criticism | Process of examining a text to see how it works communicatively. |
| Multiple Research Approaches | Triangulation-multiple ways, sources. Methodological Triangulation-two or more methodology. |
| Eight Modern Areas of Primary Communication Discipline | Intrapersonal, Interpersonal Group, Public. Organizational Mass Media, Computer-Mediated, and Intercultural |
| Communication Themes / Concerns | Symbolic Activities Meaning Ethics |
| Communication Concern Symbolic Activity | The basis for language, thinking, and nonverbal communication. That are Arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract representations. |
| Communication Concern Meaning | Adding meaning to symbols based on experiences. |
| Communication Concern Ethics | Philosophy, actions of human interactions that are good or right. Moral guidelines |
| 3 Moral Guidelines | Follow when judging others communication, allow others to make informed judgments, respect differences, take responsibility of our own communication, |
| 3 Processes of Perception That influence Communication | Selecting Organizing Interpreting |
| Perception Process of Selection | Selectively attending to what is important. factors, self-concepts, and motives influence our selection. |
| Perception Process of Organization | 4-Cognitive schemata Prototype Stereotype Personal Construct Script |
| Perception Prototype Schemata | Defines the clearest or most representative example of some category. |
| Perception Personal Schemata | Mental yard stick for measuring dimensions of judgment. |
| Perception Stereotype Schemata | A generalization of a person or situation. |
| Perception Script Schemata | Definition of expected or appropriate action in a particular setting. |
| Perception Process of Interpreting | Subjective process of creating explanation for that observed or experienced . Attributions, and Self-serving bias |
| Perception Attribution in Interpreting | Why things happen or why people act as they do. |
| Perception Self-Serving Bias | Attribute our positive actions and successes to stable, global, internal influences that we control and to attribute negative actions and failures to unstable, specific, external influences beyond our control. |
| Perception Influences on Perception | Physiological factors Expectations Cognitive Abilities Social Roles Memberships in Cultures Social Communities |
| Perception influences Physiological factors | Differences in sensory abilities and physiologies, and biorhythms. |
| Perception influences Expectations | Positive visualization Expectancy Violation Theory-3 -positive / negative -degree of deviation -impact on relationship |
| Perception influences Cognitive Abilities-3 | Cognitive Complexity involving ones abstract, and elaborate mental constructs / schemata. Person-Centeredness involving ability to see others as unique. Empathy to feel what others feel. |
| Perception influences Social Roles | Specific training received to fulfill a role, and demands that affect how we interpret, evaluate, and respond. |
| Perception influences Membership in cultures and Social Communities | Culture-beliefs, values, understandings, practices, and interpreting. Communities- society |
| Perception improvements | Avoid Mind Reading. Check Perception with others. Distinguish Facts from Inferences / non-fact and Judgments / opinion. Monitor Self-Serving Bias |
| Verbal Communication | Meaning Symbolic |
| Verbal Communication Language and Meaning | Symbols Nonverbal Verbal Arbitrary- not connected to meaning Ambiguity- no clear meaning Abstraction- a reflection of attitude |
| Verbal Communication Degrees of Abstraction | Most abstract action judgment label applied perceived behavior concrete phenomena Most Concrete |
| Verbal Communication Language and Meaning Principles of Communication Interpretation | Abstract Ambiguous Arbitrary Brute Facts- objective Institutional Facts- assigned meaning |
| Verbal Communication Language and Meaning Principles of Communication Rules | Communication rules- shared understanding Regulative rules- specified rules of when, how, where, with.. Constitutive rules- how acts are to be countered. |
| Verbal Communication Symbolic Abilities Definition | Language: defines - totaling. evaluates -loaded, appropriation. organizes - categorizes Hypothetical thought - beyond Self-reflection - "I" &"me" Relationship and interaction - responsive, like, &power. |
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