6806243
Description
Flashcards by kelsey comstock, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kelsey comstock
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| rock | a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals or other materials |
| rock cycle | the process by which one rock type changes into another rock type |
| magma | he hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts below the Earth’s surface |
| sedimentary rock | rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | rock that forms when the texture or composition of pre-existing rock changes due to heat and pressure |
| igneous rock | rock that forms from the cooling of magma |
| composition | the makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or elements present in it |
| texture | the sizes, shapes, and positions of the grains that a rock is made of |
| intrusive | type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies beneath Earth’s surface (cools slowly - coarse) |
| extrusive | the type of igneous rock that forms when lava or pyroclastic material cools and solidifies on the Earth’s surface (cools quickly – fine) |
| strata | layers of sedimentary rock that form from the deposition of sediment |
| stratafication | the layering of sedimentary rock |
| foliated | the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are aligned like the pages of a book |
| nonfoliated | the texture of metamorphic rock in which mineral grains show no allignment |
| mafic | igneous rock contains a higher composition of iron and magnesium causing the rock to be of darker color |
| felsic | igneous rock that contains a higher composition of silica minerals giving it a lighter color |
| formed: metamorphic | heat and pressure |
| formed: igneous | melting and cooling |
| formed: sedimentary | compacting and cementing weathering and erosion |
| formed: metamorphic | heat and pressure |
| what are rocks turned into from weathering and erosion | sediment |
| what can all rocks be turned directly into? | sediment |
| 2 characteristics of rock classification | Texture – the roughness of the surface of the rock Composition – the minerals that the rock is composed of (i.e. felsic and mafic). |
| how do the 3 types of sedimentary rock form | Clastic – composed of fragments of other types of rocks and minerals Chemical – forms from solutions of minerals and water Organic – composed of solid remains of once- living organisms (skeletons and shell) |
| how to the mineral composition of rocks change under metamorphism | Original minerals change into minerals that are more stable in the new temperature and pressure conditions |
| what are the differences between felsic and mafic rock? provide examples | Felsic contain more silicate minerals – Granite and Rhyolite Mafic contain more iron and magnesium – Gabbro and Basalt |
| 3 different ways that rock can turn to magma | Temperature – Increase in temperature deep within the Earth’s crust Pressure – The high pressure deep within the Earth is released and as a result the rock turns to liquid Composition – Fluids like water enter a rock and lower the rocks melting point |
| 4 intrusive igneous rock formations | Pluton - Sill - Laccolith (Mushroom) - Batholith - |
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