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Description
Flashcards by Jessica Proctor, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jessica Proctor
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what is generalisability? | where similar stimuli’s are reacted to in the same manner as the original stimuli |
| What is discrimination? | stimuli is similar but the organism does not react to the stimuli in the same way as the conditioned one |
| An example of adaptive generalisation... | wasp stings an organism the organism then learns to avoid all black and yellow creatures to avoid being stung again |
| How is discrimination adaptive? | Distinguish friend from of or edible from poisonous (Thomas 1992) |
| How is generalisation adaptive? | protects the organism from stimuli which can be harmful |
| How is generalisation maladaptive? | Creates phobias which create anxiety |
| Little Albert is an example of discrimination or generalisation? | generalisation little Albert generalised not just the rat but everything white and fluffy including a rabbit and Watson's hair |
| Classical conditioning is what kind of behaviour? | reflexive and predicting behavouir |
| Example of a conditioned response.. | Reflexive response such as blinking or salvaging in response to conditioning stimulus |
| An example of a unconditioned response | salvation |
| Unconditioned stimulus | Biologically relevent like food or puff of air |
| What is the Garcia effect? | Garcia, Ervin & Koelling, 1966 rats fed flavoured water, injected with emetic, rats refused water |
| What is Blocking? | Where another stimuli is not associated with the conditioned response as there is already an association. |
| Give an example of blocking | If a CS (tone) fully predicts a US (shock), then nothing will be learned about a second CS (light) that accompanies the first CS |
| A real life example of disadvantage with generalisability | Alcoholics and emetics can generalise to all liquids causing dehydration and death |
| Generalisability is greater when what? (Balsam 1988) | The stimulus is very similar to the conditioned stimulus |
| What is generalisability measured on? | A generalisability gradient |
| What is stimulus discrimination? | When the stimulus has a distinctive feature and the organism only reacts to the specific stimulus |
| Likelihood of discrimination if.. | The more dissimilar the stimulus is to the original CS |
| Name three examples of classical conditioning in humans. | Phobias, fetishes and conditioned taste aversion |
| What is the function of classical conditioning? | Allows the organism to take effective and immediate action |
| What is associative learning? | Another way of saying classical conditioning. It is learning to recognise causal or predictive relationships between significant environmental events |
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