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Description
Flashcards by heathermasonn, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by heathermasonn
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the two ways of making alcohol? | 1. Hydration of ethane 2. Fermentation |
| What's the equation for hydration of ethane? | H2C=CH2(g) + H2O(g) -----> CH3CH2OH(l) (conditions 300deg, 60atm) |
| What's the equation for fermentation of glucose? | C6H12O6(aq) -------> 2CH3CH2OH(aq) + 2CO2(g) (conditions, yeast, 37 deg) |
| Name 2 uses of ethanol, and 1 of methanol? | 1. Ethanol in alcoholic drinks 2. Ethanol as fuel 3. Ethanol in methylated spirits 4. Methanol for feedstock 5. Methanol used as clean burning fuel. |
| Define volatility? | The ease that a liquid turns into a gas. |
| How do you define a primary alcohol? | It has 0 or 1 alkyl groups. |
| How do you define a secondary alcohol? | It has 2 alkyl groups. |
| How do you define a tertiary alcohol? | It has 3 alkyl groups. |
| If you oxidise a primary alcohol, what does it form? | An aldehyde. |
| If you then oxidise the primary alcohol again, what does it form? | A carboxylic acid. |
| What forms if you oxidise a secondary alcohol? | Ketones only. |
| What forms when you oxidise a tertiary alcohol? | Tertiary alcohols won't be oxidised. |
| What is a suitable oxidising agent for all alcohols? | A mixture of K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate) and H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) |
| During the reaction, acidified potassium dichromate changes colour from what? to what? | Orange to green. |
| The formula and suffix of an aldehyde? | Formula = -CHO (C=O) Suffix = -al |
| Formula and suffix of a ketone? | Formula = C-C=O-C Suffix = -one |
| Formula and suffix of carboxylic acid? | Formula = -C=OOH Suffix = -oic acid |
| What does propan-1-ol + [O] distilled with K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 form? | Propanal + H20, because primary alcohol oxidised once to aldehyde. |
| Define Reflux? | Reflux is the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry. |
| What does propan-1-ol + 2[O] refluxed with K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 form? | Propanoic acid+ H2O, because refluxed so forms carboxylic acid. Been oxidised more than once. |
| In a plentiful supply of oxygen, what is the equation of complete combustion of ethanol? | C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) ----> 2CO2(g) + 3H20(l) |
| What does butan-2-ol + [O] heated with K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 present form? | Butanone + H2O, because a secondary alcohol oxidised is a ketone. |
| Define esterification? | Esterification is the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce and ester and water. |
| What acid is often used as the catalyst? | concentrated H2SO4. |
| Propanoic acid + Methanol form what? | Methyl Propanoate + H2O, because OH bond in alcohol is broken off and H from OH of alcohol group, they form water and carboxylic acid and alcohol join together. |
| Name 2 uses of esters? | 1. Adhesives 2. Solvents 3. Food flavouring 4. Perfume |
| Define dehydration? | Dehydration is where water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated one. |
| What is the equation for the dehydration of ethanol? | Ethanol ( with heat and concentrated H2SO4) forms ethene + H2O. |
| When an alcohol is dehydrated, what are the atoms lost? | An OH group from one carbon atom and a H atom from the adjacent carbon atom. |
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