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Flashcards by erika.jones.x, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by erika.jones.x
about 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Social Approaches to Aggression: | Social Learning Theory - Bandura Deindividuation - Gustave Le Bon and Zimbardo |
| Social Learning Theory: Aggression cannot be explained using only direct experience. | We learn through direct experience and observation of people who we relate to (parents). |
| Observation | Children watch the behaviour of their parents and imitate their behaviour |
| VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT | Children learn about the consequences of aggressive behaviour |
| MENTAL REPRESENTATION | For SLT to take place, a child must form a mental representation in their mind of events in their social environment |
| MENTAL REPRESENTATION | The child will imagine the rewards or punishments they would receive for their aggressive behaviour |
| MAINTENANCE THROUGH DIRECT EXPERIENCE | If children are rewarded for aggressive behaviour they are more likely to repeat the same behaviour, if they are punished they will be less likely to repeat the behaviour again |
| MAINTENANCE THROUGH DIRECT EXPERIENCE | If a child associates aggression with rewards they are more likely to do it again e.g. a successful bully will learn that they get rewards from being aggressive towards other people |
| BOBO DOLL STUDY BANDURA ET AL (1961) | Children learn and reproduce behaviour they have seen from a model |
| METHOD | > Male and Female children aged 3 to 5 years > Half shown a model being aggressive towards a Bobo doll > Half shown model not being aggressive to Bobo doll > Children made frustrated by being shown toys that they are not allowed to play with |
| RESULTS | > Children in the aggression condition were more likely to be aggressive towards Bobo doll > Copied verbal and physical aggression |
| SUPPORTING STUDY BANDURA AND WALTERS (1963) | The aggressive ending to the film and seeing the model being rewarded for their aggression caused an increase in aggression |
| DEINDIVIDUATION - Gustave Le Bon (1895) | A psychological state characterised by lowered -self evaluation and decreased concerns about evaluation by others. This leads to an increase in behaviour that would normally be inhibited by personal and social norms. |
| ANONYMITY | Being anonymous in a crowd has the psychological consequence of reducing inner restraints and increasing behaviours that are usually inhibited |
| MAIN STUDY - ZIMBARDO (1969) | Participants in the deindividuation condition shocked the 'learner' for twice as long as the identifiable pareticipants |
| METHOD | > 4 women required to give electrical shocks to 'learner' > 2 wore bulky lab coats and hoods to hide their identity, they were never refured to by name > 2 wore normal cloths and large name tags |
| EVALUATION | > Small sample, only female - cannot be generalised > Ethics? Lied to participants about nature of the experiment |
| CONTRADICTORY EVIDENCE FOR DEINDIVIDUATION - POSTMES AND SPEARS (1998) | Meta-analysis of 60 studies. Found inconclusive evidence to support major claims e.g. anti-social behaviour not more common in larger groups. |
| SUPPORT FOR DEINDIVIDUATION - MANN ET AL (1981) | Analysed 21 newspaper reports of suicide jumps in the US. 10/21 - A crowd had gathered and baiting had occured. Incidents occured at night with a large crowd. |
| LOCAL GROUP NORMS - JOHNSON AND DOWNING (1979) | > Same set up as Zimbardo > Participants either dressed as KKK or a nurse > Responded to normative cues - participants dressed as KKK shocked more than control, participants dressed as nurse shocked less than control |
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