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Description
Flashcards by jasmine.815, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jasmine.815
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a virus? | DNA or RNA that is protected by a protein coat |
| What is the general size of viruses? | 25-300nm |
| What do viruses consist of? | RNA, DNA or both (latter double- or single-stranded) and 5-200 proteins |
| What is the extracellular form of viruses called? | Virion |
| What is the intracellular form of viruses? | Replication of DNA/RNA and proteins; assembly of virus |
| What do viruses infect? | Animals, plants, fungi and bacteria |
| Viruses that infect bacteria are called? | Phages |
| Are viruses alive? | No, they do not have metabolic activity |
| What is the protein coat of a virus called? | The Capsid |
| What does the Capsid contain? | A few proteins (Capsomers) that self assemble |
| What is the role of the Capsid? (2) | Protects the RNA/DNA of the virus Determines the shape of the virus particle |
| Name the 3 types of viruses | Naked Virus Enveloped Virus Complex Virus |
| What does the naked virus contain? | -Protein Coat (Capsid) -Nucleic Acid (RNA or DNA) -Enzymes (E.g. Lysozyme, Reverse Transcriptase;not always) |
| Give an example of a naked virus | Adenoviruses |
| What do enveloped viruses contain? | -Protein coat (capsid) -Nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) -Enzymes (e.g. Lysozyme, reverse transcriptase, protease) -Biomembrane (lipids from host cell) -Envelope proteins (from the virus) |
| Give an example of an enveloped virus | HIV |
| What do complex viruses contain? | -Protein coat (Capsid) -Nucleic Acids (RNA or DNA) -Enzymes (e.g. Lysozyme, reverse transcriptase, protease) -Complex Protein Tail |
| Give an example of a complex virus | T4 Phage |
| Name the 3 ways of which a virus can enter a host cell | Endocytosis (triggers Clathrin-mediate) Membrane fusion Injection |
| Describe the structure of a bacteriophage | Head Tail (Contractile sheet, tail fibres and base plate) |
| Describe the life cycle of a bacteriophage (6) | 1. Attachment to the host cell 2. Injection of RNA or DNA 3. Replication of the genetic material 4. Synthesis of coat and tail proteins 5. Assembly of virions in the host cell 6. Release of the virions after lysis of the cell |
| What 2 types of entry do enveloped viruses use? | Endocytosis and Membrane Fusion |
| What type of entry can naked viruses use? | Endocytosis |
| How does the virus travel long distances within the cell? | Virus particles use intracellular machinery; motors bind to the virus containing vesicle and travels along microtubules |
| What does HIV lead to? | Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
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