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Description
Flashcards by jasmine.815, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jasmine.815
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is symbiosis? | The living together of 2 unlike organisms |
| What is cellular endosymbiosis? | When a single cell organisms lives in a host cell |
| Who proposed the theory of endosymbiosis? | Lynn Margulis |
| Describe the mechanism of endosymbiosis? | 1. Phagocytosis of a prokaryote 2. Host cell and endosymbiont reproduce 3. Development of an interdependence |
| Which 2 organelles are thought to have derived from prokaryotes? | Chloroplasts and mitochondria |
| Early eukaryotes engulfed ________ which lead to ______ and _______. Other early eukaryotes engulfed _________ which lead to _________. | mitochondria animals fungi chloroplast plants |
| Name the 6 supporting evidence of endosymbiosis of mitochondria and chloroplasts | 1. They have their own circular geode 2. They contain 70S ribosomes 3. Chloroplasts use FtsZ 4. Chloroplast and cyanobacteria have thylakoid membranes 5. Both are surrounded by a double membrane 6. Bacteria and mitochondria share a specific membrane lipid (cardiolipin) |
| So overall what is the reason why chloroplast and mitochondria are thought to have derived from prokaryotes? | They share organisational similarities |
| What is a nucleomorph? | A DNA containing relict of an engulfed eukaryote |
| What is secondary endosymbiosis? | E.g. a cyanobacterium engulfed by eukaryote to form algae that is then engulfed by another eukaryote to form something else ^^ |
| Give an example of endosymbiosis happening today | Lichen fungal hyphae + photosynthetic cyanobacteria or algae |
| Give another example of endosymbiosis today | Corals Sea anemone-like polyps (Anthozoa) + Photosynthetic Zooxanthaela |
| Describe what is exchanged between polyps and zooxanthella in coral endosymbiosis | Polyps provide O2 and nutrients, Zooxanthella provide CO2 and nutrients |
| About 1.6 billion years ago how were prokaryotes thought to have formed their nuclear envelope? | By invagination of the plasma membrane |
| How does having a double plasma membrane support endosymbiosis theory? | The outer layer is probably reminiscent of the plasma membrane of the host, the inner membrane resembles the plasma membrane of the previous bacterium - probably occurred due to incomplete phagocytosis |
| What is FtsZ? | A prokaryotic tubulin homologue for fission |
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