Flashcards
Topic 1 ICT
Cards in this deck (35)
- 1What is data?Data is raw facts and figures before they have been processed. Data has no meaning.
- 2What is information?Information is processed data:
Information = data + [structure] + [context] + meaning - 3What is structure?Structure is how the data is presented or laid out.
Eg.12/10/2014 - 4What is context?Context indicates the environment in which the data is presented.
Eg, UK date - 5What is meaning?Meaning is the correct interpretation of the data.
Eg,Date of the last day of half term - 6What is knowledge?Knowledge can change, it is based on probabilities
- 7What is information?Information are facts with added meaning, it will not change is based in certainties.
- 8Name some representation methods• Text
• Graphics
• Sound
• Moving pictures/video
• LED - 9Advantages and disadvantages of textClear to understand
Detailed
BUT
Need to be able to read
Need to understand the language
Can be confusing if sophisticated language is used. - 10Advantages and disadvantages of GraphicsMultilingual
Matches understanding to images – quick way of conveying information
Need to be able to see
Some symbols may be different in different countries
Can be confusing if you don’t know the symbols. - 11Adv and Disadv of soundDoes not have to be in a fixed position
No line o sight required. Sound is distorted in large noisy areas
Different nationalities use different sorts of sounds – eg alarms.
Need to be able to hear. - 12Adv and disadv of moving picturesLots of information conveyed
Not language dependent
Can exemplify text Linear – if you do not see the beginning, you may not understand
Problems if sound - 13Adv and disadv of LEDCan be used in noisy places
Can allow data to be kept secure Need to be able to see the lights
Combination of lights may need to be known to be understood - 14What is integer?A whole number
- 15What is real?A decimal number.
Also can be used to hold very large numbers. - 16What is Boolean?One of only two values
- 17What is text/string?Any alphanumeric characters, including text numbers and symbols
- 18What is date/time?A combination of numbers and letters to convey a date or a time.
- 19What is direct data?Data which has been collected from an original source and used for the purpose which was originally intended when it was collected.
- 20What is indirect data?Data used for a different purpose than was originally intended. OR
Data which is collected by a different person than those using the data - 21Advantages of direct data1.The source and collection method is known and verified
2.The exact data required can be collected
3. Can change the data collected in response to the questions - 22Disadvantages of direct data1.May not get a large range of data
2.Data may not be available immediately - 23advantages of indirect data1.Large range of data available that could not have been collected directly
2.Data can be available from different location and time
3.Analysis might already have been completed on some of the data - 24Disadvantages of indirect data1. Cannot be certain of accuracy of the recording of data
2. May not know when and where the data has been collected - 25What is static data?Once created it will not change. Example: book, CD-Rom, catalogue, brochure
- 26What is dynamic data?Can change and be updated constantly. Example: world wide web.
- 27What is accuracy?is data error free
- 28What is relevance?unrelated data should be excluded as unnecessary facts leads to information overload
- 29what is the age?data needs to be up to date, should not be too old
- 30what is completeness?all relevant data needed to inform a decision should be included
- 31what is presentation?format used to display data should be appropriate and aid understanding, eg use graphs?
- 32what is level of detail?there should not be too few or too many facts and figures but sufficient to help understanding
- 33what is coding?Original data is stored in a different representation to standardise and organise it.
Eg BKTR36 black trousers size 36. - 34Problems of encoding?• Value judgements. Where surveys’ ask for views or opinions- eg was a film excellent, good, poor etc - there is no agreed measure of what is ‘good’. One person’s excellent is another’s good.
• Users must know the meaning of codes or if code tables are lost, then data cannot be interpreted - 35Benefits of coding?• reduces the amount of storage space required,
• speeds up data entry
• less data entry errors as codes shorter
• can validate different parts of the code
• since data is highly structured, can organise and graph and search the data.
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- Flashcards on Topic 1 ICT, created by amy.collier14 on 26/05/2014.
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