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Flashcards by shensinger, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by shensinger
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 123. Human behavior | is the result of individuals adapting to their environments |
| 124. The Ego ( Ego Psychology) | Believe that the ego is the portion of the personality that is responsible for human behavior. It has the ability to function Autonomously |
| 125. Ego Pyschology has 12 major Functions | Reality testing, Judgment, Sense of Reality, Regulation and Control of Drives and Impluses, Object Relations, Thought Processes, Adaptive Regression, Defensive Functioning, Stimulus Barrier, Autonomous Functions, Mastery- Competence, Integrative Functioning |
| 126. Reality Testing | ability to differentiate between accurate perceptions of the self and the environmen |
| 127. Judgement | ability to identify and weigh the consequences of a behavior before acting |
| 128. Sense of Reality | ability to not only perceive things accurately but to experience them that way as well |
| 129. Regulation and Control of Drives and Impulses | ability to control drives, impulses and affect in accordance with reality |
| 130. Object Relations | Ability to interact with others |
| 131. Thought Processes | ability to have goal-directed, organized, and realistic thoughts |
| 132. Adaptive Regression | ability to let go of reality and experiences aspects of the self that ordinarily are inaccessible |
| 133. Defensive Functioning | ability to use unconscious mechanisms to reduce anxiety and painful experiences |
| 134. Stimulus Barrier | ability to maintain current level of functioning despite increases and decreases in stimulation |
| 135. Autonomous Functions | Presence of certain, conflict-free functions that are capable of functioning continuously, e.g. learning, memory, perception, and concentration |
| 136. Mastery Competence | ability to successfully interact with the environment |
| 137. Integrative Functioning | ability to integrate parts of the personality to resolve conflict |
| Who developed Ego Psychology? | Heinz Hartmann |
| Ego Psychology | Focuses on the Ego portion of the Personality and its relationship to other aspects of the persoality and the external world. Having the ability to ADAPT to social environments |
| Adaptation | is the reciprocal relationship between individuals and the environment: "changing the environment or being changed by it" |
| Alloplastic Behavior | changing the environment in order to adapt |
| Autoplastic Behavior | changing one's own behavior or self in order to adapt. |
| Who developed ego Psycholigy? | Heinz Hartmann |
| Is Ego Psychology Psychoanalytic? | yes |
| what does ego psychology focus on? | the ego portion of the personality and its relationship to other aspects of the personality and the externam world |
| What is the premise of ego psychology? | the belief that individuals have the ability to adapt to thier social environments |
| what process does ego psychology focus on? | adaptaion |
| adaptation | the reciprocal relationship between individuals and their envirnoment, which involves changing the environment or being changed by it |
| substitution | replacing on feeling or emotion with another |
| From about age ____ to puberty, a child enters the _____ stage. | 6, Latency |
| genital stage | 12 yrs. to adulthood - learning to accept genitalia and to experience mature, adult-like feelings |
| Who developed the concept of defense mechanisms? | Anna Freud |
| denial | Unconscious refusal to admit an unacceptable idea or behavior Mr. Davis, who is alcohol-dependent, believes that he can control his drinking if he so desires |
| repression | Unconscious and involuntary forgetting of painful ideas, events, and conflicts Ms. Young, a victim of incest, no longer remembers the reason she always hated the uncle who molested her. |
| suppression | Conscious exclusion from awareness anxiety-producing feelings, ideas, and situations Ms. Ames states to the nurse that she is not ready to talk about her recent divorce. |
| Rationalization | Conscious or unconscious attempts to make or prove that one's feelings or behaviors are justifiable Mr. Jones, diagnosed with schizophrenia, states that he cannot go to work because his co-workers are mean, instead of admitting that his illness interferes with working |
| intellectualization | Consciously or unconsciously using only logical explanations without feelings or an affective component Ms. Mann talks about her son's death from cancer as being merciful and shows no signs of her sadness and anger. |
| dissociation | The unconscious separation of painful feelings and emotions from an unacceptable idea, situation, or object Ms. Adams recalls that when she was sexually molested as a child, she felt as if she were outside of her body watching what was happening without feeling anything. |
| identification | Conscious or unconscious attempt to model oneself after a respected person Ms. Kelly states to the nurse, "When I get out of the hospital, I want to be a nurse just like you." |
| introjection | Unconsciously incorporating values and attitudes of others as if they were your own Without realizing it, Mr. Chad wishes, talks, and acts similarly to his therapist, analyzing other patients. |
| compensation | Consciously covering up for a weakness by overemphasizing or making up a desirable trait Mr. Hahn, who is depressed and unable to share his feelings with other patients, writes and becomes known for his expressive poetry. |
| sublimation | Consciously or unconsciously channeling instinctual drives into acceptable activities Mr. Smith, a former perpetrator of incest who fears relapse, forms a local chapter of Sex Addicts Anonymous. |
| reaction formation | A conscious behavior that is the exact opposite of an unconscious feeling Ms. Wren, who unconsciously wishes her mother were dead, continuously tells staff that her mother is wonderful. |
| undoing | Consciously doing something to counteract or make up for a transgression or wrongdoing After accidentally eating another patient's cookies, Ms. Donnelly apologizes to the patients, cleans the refrigerator, and labels everyone's snack with their names. |
| displacement | Unconsciously discharging pent-up feelings to a less threatening object A husband comes home after a bad day at work and yells at his wife. |
| projection | Unconsciously (or consciously) blaming someone else for one's difficulties or placing one's unethical desires on someone else An adolescent comes home late from a dance and states that her date would not bring her home on time |
| conversion | The unconscious expression of intrapsychic conflict symbolically through physical symptoms A student awakens with a migraine headache the morning of a final examination and feels too ill to take the test. She does not realize that 2 hours of cramming left her unprepared. |
| regression | Unconscious return to an earlier and more comfortable developmental level. A 6 y/o child has been wetting the bed at night since the birth of his baby sister |
| Flight of ideas (thought process) | Speech pattern demonstrated by a rapid transition from topic to topic, frequently without completing any of the preceding ideas; prominent in manic states. |
| associative looseness (thought process) | Thinking process characterized by speech in which ideas shift from one unrelated subject to another. The individual is unaware that the topics are unconnected. |
| Circumstantiality (thought process) | Indirect speech that is delayed in reaching the point but eventually gets from original point to desired goal. Pretty much beating around the bush. |
| Tangentiality (thought process) | Inability to have goal-directed associations of thought; speaker never gets from point to desired goal |
| Neologisms (thought process) | Made-up words that typically have only meaning to the individual who uses them. Noted in some type of schizophrenia. |
| Concrete thinking (thought process) | use of literal meaning without ability to consider abstract meaning ( e.g. dont cry over spilled milk might be misinterpreted as meaning okay ill cry over the sink) |
| Clang associations (thought process) | words similar in sound but not in meaning; words have no logical connection; may include rhyming and punning. |
| Word Salad (thought process) | Incoherent mixture of words and phrases |
| Perseveration (thought process) | Psychopathologic repetition of the same word or idea in response to different question |
| Echolalia (thought process) | Psychopathologic repeating of words or phrases of one person by another, noted in types of schizophrenia |
| Catalepsy (Behavioral) | a trancelike state with loss of voluntary motion and failure to react to stimuli |
| Compulsion (behavior) | Uncontrollable impulse to perform an act or ritual repeatedly; might be an obsession as in ocd. the act or ritual serves to decrease anxiety. |
| persecutory (delusions) | A delusion in which the central theme is that one (or someone to whom one is close) is being attacked, harassed, cheated, persecuted, or conspired against. |
| Grandiose (delusions) | grand in an impressive or stately way; marked by pompous affection or grandeur, absurdly exaggerated. example would be, Patient states that i am George washington |
| Reference (delusions) | False belief that the behavior of others in the environment refers to oneself; derived from ideas of reference in which one wrongly believes that he or she is being talked about. |
| Nihilistic (delusions) | False belief that the self, part of the self, or another object has ceased to exist. |
| Paranoia | oversuspiciousness leading to persecutory delusion |
| Phobias | exaggerated, pathologic dread or fear of some specific type of stimulus or situation |
| oral stage | During the ____ Stage, the mouth the site of sexual and aggressive gratification? |
| confabulation (memory) | unconscious filling of gaps in memory with imagined or untrue experiences that the person believes but have no basis in reality. |
| What is the age range for the Oral Stage of development? | 0-1 year |
| As an adult, John is extremely sarcastic, bites his nails, chews tobacco and smokes cigars. He may be ______ fixated. | orally |
| idealization | form of denial in which the object of attention is presented as "all good" masking true negative feelings toward the other |
| During the ____ Stage, the anus is the most sexualized part of the body. | anal |
| A person is ____ ______ if they are obsessive or perfectionistic. | Anal retentive |
| inversion | refocusing of aggression or emotions evoked from an external force onto one's self. |
| Sally is thought of as ____ ______, due to her carelessness and disorganized room. | anal explosive |
| The _____ stage, is a period of heightened genital sensitivity. A child's sexualized activity is directed at both sexes and at self-stimulation. | Phallic |
| Between ___ - ____ years of age is the Phallic Stage of development. | 3-6 |
| isolation | inabillity to simultaneously experience the cognitive and affective compoenents of a situation. |
| The ____ complex in boys, is shown in a marked sexualized attraction to the mother to the exclusion of the father. (Same sex parent becomes a fantasized rival) | Oedipal |
| The ___ complex in girls, is exhibited by a marked sexualized attraction to the father to the exclusion of the mother. (Same sex parent becomes a fantasized rival) | Electra |
| somatization | manifestation of emotional anxiety into physical symptoms. |
| During the _____ Stage, no new significant conflicts or impulses arise; sexual feelings dormant. | Latency |
| splitting | repressing, dissociting or disconnecting important feelings that are "dangerous" to psychic well-being. Causes person to get ot of touch with her/his feelings andleads to feelings of a "fragmented self." |
| according to the psychoanalytic theory, what are behaviours and thoughts driven by? | unconscious forces, motives, and drives |
| according to the psychoanalytic theory, all behaviors serve what? | some underlying, covert purpose |
| what do psychoanalysts believe that behaviors are shaped by? | repressed childhood memories and experiences |
| what is repression in the psychoanalytic theory? | thoughts and ideas that create anxiety or distress are pushed from the conscious to the unconcsiousness |
| in the Structual Theory of Personality Development (STPD), what 3 major systems does the personality consist of? | Id, ego, and superego |
| what does the Id consist of? | basic instinctual drives, the most basic of which is the Libido (sexual) |
| in the STPD what is the most primitive portion of the personality? | the ID |
| In the STPD, what portion of the personality are children born with? | the ID |
| describe the ID in the STPD? | children are able to focus on the immediate fulfillment of their most basic needs, i.e., hunger, thirst |
| what principle does the ID follow? | the Pleasure Principle; it only acts to seek pleasure and avoid pain |
| what happens as the EGO developes? | a child's need for immediate gratification and fulfillment is delayed, it mediates between the demands of the individaus and the often conflicting demands of the environment |
| in the STPD what is the Reality Principle? | the ability that developes that allows a child to recognize that his/her desire for immediate gratifcation must be compromised for the realities of the environment |
| In the STPD, what is the most sophisticated portion of the personality? | the Superego |
| what is the Superego? | the part of the personality that allows an individual to act out of need, and to consider the moral and ethical aspects of behavior |
| what are the two aspects of the superego? | 1. conscience - "should nots" 2. ego ideal - "shoulds" |
| when the id, ego, and superego are not harmonious and unified, what is said to have occurred? | maladjustment or mentally disturbance |
| according to Freud, when should perosnality development be complete? | by the age of 5 |
| cathexis | the urging force - it drives an individual's unconscious wishes and desires |
| anti-cathexis | the checking force in the psychoanalytic theory. acts as the breaks on the imprudent actions of the ID and serves to keep repressed material in the unconscious |
| according to Freudm what are the two major events that develope personality? | 1. maturation and natural growth 2. learning to overcome frustration, avoid pain, reslove conflict, and reduce anxiety. |
| five sequential Psychosexual Stages of Developmnet | 1. oral 2. anal 3. phallic 4. latency 5. genital |
| according to the Psychoanalytic theory, moving from one stage to the next is dependent on what? | the successful resolution of the conflicts presented in the immediately preceding stage. failure to resolve a stage or fixation can result in pathology. |
| fixation | the partial or complete cessation of personality development at one of the Psychosexual stages of development. can happen in teh individual's needs at a particular stage are under- or over- gratified |
| regression | occurs when gratification at a particular is over frustrating. a return to an earlier stage of development. |
| Oedipus Complex | during the phallic stage. a boy becomes jealous of his father and completes for the mother's affection, attention, and love. |
| castration theory | the fear that a father may remove the offending organ. |
| Electra Complex | unconscious sexual attraction that a girl (usually the ages of 3 - 7) has for her father. Girl becomes aware she does not have male sex organs, feels inferior, and blames her mother |
| optimistic | individuals can change their their personality |
| pessimistic | individuals are doomed to remain the same |
| physisological | individuals are pushed by their physiological needs for water, food and sexual activity |
| pessimistic | individuals are doomed to remain the same |
| physiological | individuals are pushed by their physiological needs for water, food and sexua activity |
| purposive motivation | individuals are pulled by the purposes, goals, values, beliefs and attitudes |
| conscious | individuals are aware of their motivation to act |
| unconscious | individuals are not aware of their motivation to act |
| stage | individuals go through pre-determined stages of development |
| non-stage | individuals do not go through pre-determined stages of development |
| cultural determinism | individuals are molded by their culture |
| cultural transcendance | individuals are not determined by their culture |
| early personality formation | individuals develop their personality early in life and remain relatively fixed throughout the lifespan |
| late personality formation | inviduals continue to develop their personalities later in life or throughout their lifespan |
| What do psychodynamic theories describe? | the intrpsychic processes involved in personality development |
| what do psychodynamic theories emphasize? | the importance of childhood experiences on psychosocial development |
| who founded the psychoanalytic theory? | Sigmund Freud |
| Name the three levels of consciousness that Freud described in the psychoanalytic theory. | 1) Conscious 2) Pre-conscious 3) Unconscious |
| In the psychoanalytic theory, what does the conscious level consit of? | those thoughts and ideas of which we are aware |
| in the psychoanalytic theory what does the pre-conscious level consist of? | those thoughts and ideas of which we are not aware, but are easily accessible |
| in the psychoanalytic theory, what does the unconscious level consist of? | those thoughts and ideas of which we are unaware and cannot access |
| what level of consciousness does the psychoanalytic theory focus on? | the unconscious |
| Freedom | individuals have control over their behavior |
| determinism | behavior is determined by forces oustide of an individual's control |
| nature | behavior is attributed to genetics and biology |
| nurture | behavior is the result of the effects of the environment |
| uniqueness | individuals are all unique |
| universality | individuals are basically similar in nature |
| active | individuals act through their own initiative |
| reactive | individuals react to outside stimuli |
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