ESSAY 7: ORAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE

ESSAY 7: ORAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE

1. ABSTRACT

   • Learn L2
     • Education & Employment
     • How?
       • Languages are learnt?
       • To foster acquisition?

2. iNTRODUCTION

   • Shift L2 approach
     • Traditionally
       • Linguistic aspects and correctness
     • Strategies and languages competences need to be trained
   • Natural Route

3. CONCLUSION

   • Oral Communication
     • Speaking & Listening skills
     • Long process

4. LISTENING

   • Definition (Byrne)
     • Not only to hear but to understand
   • Features
     • Long process
       • Krashen's Natural Approach
     • Active skill
       • Linguistic and non-linguistic strategies
   • Difficulties
     • Classroom not ideal
     • Interactions and noise
     • Segment speech
     • Syntax
   • How to approach difficulties?
     • Assigning tasks
       • Infant Stage
         • TPR (Asher)
       • Primary Stage
         • Chants & Rhymes
     • Big amount of input
       • Variety of materials
     • Comprehensible Input I + 1 (Krashen)
     • Listening Stages
       • Pre-listening
         • Focus attention
           • Predicting content from a title, commenting on pictures...
       • While-listening
         • Extensive
           • Global understanding
             • Matching pictures, sequencing a story...
         • Intensive
           • Specific search
             • Labelling, fill in the gaps, multiple choice...
       • Post-listening
         • Specific information

5. SPEAKING

   • Definition (Harmer)
     • Articulate comprehensibly
   • Stages
     • Silent Period
     • Telegraphic speech
   • How to approach difficulties?
     • From simple to complex activities
       • Pre-Communicative
         • Drills, bingo, matching...
         • Importance of imitation
       • Communicative
         • for specific purposes
         • Free production tasks
     • Micro-skills
       • Producing sounds
       • Expressing elementary grammatical structures logically and clearly
       • Expressing grammatical forms coherently
       • Using extralinguistic strategies
       • Fossilization
   • Difficulties
     • Artificial environment
       • Lack of exposure
     • Limited language
       • Sound-spelling
   • Fossilization (Ellis)