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SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

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solemne 2
kat y
Mind Map by kat y, updated more than 1 year ago
kat y
Created by kat y about 7 years ago
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SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
  1. LEARNERS CHARACTERISTICS AND CONDITIONS
    1. Learners characteristics
      1. COGNITIVE
        1. Cognitive motoring and metalinguistics awareness
        2. ATTITUDINAL
          1. Freedom to be silent, modified input
          2. CULTURAL
            1. Timing, corrective feedback
        3. CROSSLINGUISTICS INFLUENCE
          1. It refers to how two languages that can affect one another Ex. phonology, syntax, lexis, pragmatic and morphology
            1. it can occur
              1. Consciously
                1. Delay
                2. Unconsciously
                  1. Acceleration
            2. UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
              1. System of principles, conditions and rules that are elements or properties of all human languages (Chomsky
                1. PRINCIPLES: Grammatical rules of all specific languages
                  1. Acces to UG in SLA
                    1. Partial L1 is the basis for L2
                      1. Full acces L2 acquisition is similar to L1
                        1. No acces UG is no longer available to second language learners
                      2. PARAMETERS: How every language vary
                        1. Head parameter: The omission of subject pronoun
                          1. Pro-drop parameter: The omission of some elements in the language
                      3. ATTENTION & MEMORY
                        1. MEMORY: Mind stores and remembers information
                          1. Short term memory: Receptionist for the brain, it keep 20-30 seconds, store meaningful information
                            1. Long term memory: Brain's system for storing, managing and retrieving
                              1. Implicit memory, Priming memory, Procedural memory, Episodic memory, Explicit memory, Semantic memory, Working memory
                              2. ATTENTION: Behavioral and cognitive process of selecting information
                                1. Perception: The way in which the brain detects information through senses
                              3. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE/LANGUAGE TRANSFER/CAH HYPOTHESIS
                                1. BEHAVIORIST
                                  1. Learning as a process of habits formation
                                    1. Theory suggests that learning is advanced by stimulus-response. Leaning new habits of language.
                                  2. CAH
                                    1. Constrastive analysis hypothesis
                                      1. Similarities between two languages
                                        1. Learners will acquire target language with ease
                                  3. L1 INFLUENCE IN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
                                    1. L1 transfer or interference
                                      1. Phonological/lexical/syntactic/pragmatic
                                        1. Positive transfer
                                          1. Features of both language is the same, it result in correct language production
                                          2. Negative transfer
                                            1. The understanding of one language complicates the understanding of another language
                                      2. MONITOR MODEL
                                        1. Introduce by Stephen Krashen, five hypothesis that form the theory
                                          1. 1. The acquisition learning: We acquire a language through exposure just like children do
                                            1. 2. The monitor hypothesis: It is a natural editor that correct or polishes what we have already acquired
                                              1. 3. The natural order: It is a predictable order for learning grammar
                                                1. 4. The input: We acquire a language when we are exposed to input that is just a little bit beyond what we already know
                                                  1. 5. The affective filter: It is an emotional or mental barrier that prevents language acquisition
                                        2. INFORMATION PROCESSING
                                          1. What is it? Learning starts from controlled processes
                                            1. PROCESS
                                              1. STIMULI
                                                1. SENSORY MEMORY (FORGOTTEN)
                                                  1. TRANSFER
                                                    1. SHORT TERM MEMORY
                                                      1. TRANSFERED-RETRIEVED
                                                        1. LONG TERM MEMORY
                                          2. SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH
                                            1. It plays a significant role
                                              1. Social interaction= Learning and cognitive development
                                                1. Internalization
                                                  1. Imitation
                                                    1. Mediate learning
                                                      1. Mediate agent
                                                      2. Scalfolding
                                                        1. Temporary help
                                                        2. Zone of proximal development
                                                          1. What learners can do without help
                                                            1. Internalize new concepts
                                                      3. INTERACTING, NOTICING, PROCESSING
                                                        1. INTERACTING EMPHASIZES ENVIRONMENT
                                                          1. Comprehensible input/foreigner talk/feedback
                                                            1. Difficulties in communication
                                                          2. Noticing: learners need to be aware of the input
                                                            1. Learn intentionally/by incident
                                                              1. Both need awareness
                                                            2. PROCESSING:ENCODING STORING RETRIEVERING
                                                            3. COMPETITION MODEL
                                                              1. Psycholinguistic model
                                                                1. Connectionism
                                                                2. Cue validity (condition)
                                                                  1. Cue strenght (probability)
                                                                  2. Lexical/input/capacity
                                                                  3. CONNECTIONISM
                                                                    1. Emphasis on the frequency
                                                                      1. What is innate is simply the ability to learn
                                                                        1. Environment plays an important role

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