Indigenous peoples in Colombia

In the past
1. Census
  1. At the end of the 19th century, of the total of Colombians 25% of them were indigenous and at the end of the 20th century, they barely represented 1.6% of the population
  2. 1912: 6.8%
  3. 1918: 2.7%
  4. 1938: 1.2%
  5. 1951: 1.4%
  6. 1964: 0.7%
  7. 1973: 1.9%
  8. 1985: 0.8%
  9. 1993: 1.6%
    1. Criterion in whole the national territory
      1. Do you belong ... to any ethnic, indigenous group or black community? 1. Yes. To which? 2. No
  10. 2005: 3.4%
    1. Binding and participatory
      1. Criteria
        Self-recognition
        Physical features
        Culture
    2. Characteristics
      1. Sex
        Men: 50,5%
        Women: 49,5 %
      2. Age
        Young population: 40% under 15 years old
      3. Reasons to move residence
        Relatives: 33.57%
        Difficulty getting a job: 20.05%
        Threat for his life: 12.27%
        Need for education: 10.17%
        Another reason: 8.81%
        Natural disaster risk: 7.72%
        Health reasons: 7.41%
  11. Most of these numbers are biased, since the interviewer had to define according to their criteria how they looked, the language and where they lived. Indigenous people living in cities did not enter this census in the years 1938, 1951 and 1964.
2. Colonization of America
  1. The diversification of the natives throughout America began to take place from 1492, with the arrival of Columbus.
    1. From that moment the indigenous, or natives, of these lands were marginalized by their origin (considered wild), knowledge, traditions, etc. and consequently, tried to lead to extinction.
      1. It is even claimed that about 90% of the natives were killed.
        They were forced to "civilize", to do forced and dishonorable labor. Many died from diseases brought by invaders.
3. Search for the recognition of rights
  1. In 1970 indigenous and black movements began an organized fight for the defense of their cultures, their lands and their knowledge, which will bear fruit in the 1991 constitution when they are visibly incorporated into national life.
  2. 1991 Constitution
    1. "The Colombian State recognizes and protects the ethnic and cultural diversity of the Colombian Nation" (Art. 7). "... the languages and dialects of the ethnic groups are also official in their territories. The teaching that is given in the communities with their own linguistic traditions will be bilingual" (Art. 10). "The lands of protection ... are inalienable, imprescriptible and unattachable" (Art. 63). "... they will have the right to training that respects and develops their cultural identity ..." (Art. 68). "Territorial entities are departments, districts, municipalities and indigenous territories" (Art. 286).
      1. However, on many occasions they have to know Spanish, as a first language, to be able to access education, causing loss of their customs and traditions, of their identity
    2. Law 60 of 1993 stipulates that indigenous reservations will benefit from a percentage of the country's budgetary resources; consequently, they will participate in the current income of the nation, through transfers proportional to its population
Today
1. Pandemic: COVID-19
  1. Indigenous people living in rural areas and far from the cities has a natural barrier against SARS-CoV-2 due to the geography of regions they inhabit. If no one foreing to your communities visit them, then they should remain safe from the virus.
  2. Vulnerable groups
    1. Student population
    2. Survivors of armed conflict living in cities and border towns.
    3. Others
  3. Actions
    1. Fortify Indigenous’s traditional medicine systems by endemic plants, uses and customs.
    2. government's humanitarian aid
      1. Nutrition
      2. Prevention
      3. Minimal conditions to live like drinking water
2. Location
  1. Minorities
    1. Municipal heads, and main cities
      1. Land depletion in reservations
      2. Cultural changes
      3. Forced displacement by armed groups
        Particularly
        Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
        Urabá
        Cauca
        Córdoba
        Guaviare
        Nariño
        Putumayo
  2. Majorities
    1. •Indigenous reservations. •Unbounded territories. •Indigenous partialities.
      1. Jungle
      2. Savannas of the Orinoquia
      3. Colombian Andes
      4. Inter-Andean valleys
      5. Caribbean Plain
Ethnic group
1. Ethnic groups are made up by individuals who form concrete societies, and share common codes: a language, a consumption ways where activities of work , home, religious ritual and festivity are expressed. [Nina Friedemann]
  1. Colombia is currently recognized as multicultural and multilingual country with 87 indigenous ethnics, 3 differentiated groups of Afro-Colombian population, also ROM or gypsy peoples.
    1. Larger communities
      1. 1. Wayuu
      2. 2. Senu
      3. 3. Nasa
      4. 4. Pasto
      5. 5. Coyaima Natagaima
      6. 6. Embera Katio
      7. 7. Embera
      8. 8. Yanacona
      9. 9. Embera Chami
      10. 10. Awa Kuaiker

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Indigenous peoples in Colombia

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	Created by LINA MARCELA GIRALDO MURILLO about 4 years ago