29799294
Description
Mind Map by Fátima Cabrera Duarte, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fátima Cabrera Duarte
almost 5 years ago
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lipids
- are a diverse group of molecules
that contain regions composed
almost entirely of hydrogen and
carbon
- all lipids contain
large chains of
nonpolar
hydrocarbons
- most are hydrophobic
and are insoluble in
water
- all lipids contain
large chains of
nonpolar
hydrocarbons
- Lipids are most often
triglycerides, which are
made up of 3 fatty acids
and glycerol
- Triglycerides are
generated by a
condensation reaction,
and the bond between
glycerol and the fatty
acid is called an ester
bond
- Fatty acids can be saturated
(single bonds between all
carbons) or unsaturated, at
least one double bond
between carbons. This impacts
whether the compound is a fat
or an oil.
- Lipids have diverse roles
in the cell, including
energy storage, making
the cell membrane, and
the production of
hormones
- structure
- The structure of the fatty acids
influences the structure of the
lipid. In the fatty acid chains,
the carbon atoms could have
single bonds between them
making the lipid “saturated”.
- This generates fats that
are usually solid at room
temperature.
- This generates fats that
are usually solid at room
temperature.
- if one or more of the bonds
between the carbon atoms
are double bonds, the lipid
is said to be “unsaturated”.
- If there is one double bond, the
triglyceride is said to be
“monounsaturated”, if it has
multiple double bonds, it is
“polyunsaturated”.
- Unsaturated fatty
acids are usually
liquid at room
temperature and
are called oils.
- Unsaturated fatty
acids are usually
liquid at room
temperature and
are called oils.
- If there is one double bond, the
triglyceride is said to be
“monounsaturated”, if it has
multiple double bonds, it is
“polyunsaturated”.
- The double bonds in
unsaturated fatty acids can
exist in either a cis or a trans
configuration. This describes
whether the hydrogen atom
are on the same side (cis) or
opposite sides (trans).
- A cis double bond generates a
bend in the molecule, influencing
its structure and downstream
function. Trans fats are rare in
nature.
- A cis double bond generates a
bend in the molecule, influencing
its structure and downstream
function. Trans fats are rare in
nature.
- Fat molecules with
fully saturated tails
can pack tightly
against one
another because
the single bonds
result in straight
molecules.
- This tight packing
generates fats that are
solid at room
temperature, for
example, butter.
- This tight packing
generates fats that are
solid at room
temperature, for
example, butter.
- Unsaturated fatty
acids (which in
nature usually
contain cis double
bonds) have bent
tails.
- This means they are not able
to be tightly packed and
results in oils that are liquid
at room temperature.
- This means they are not able
to be tightly packed and
results in oils that are liquid
at room temperature.
- The structure of the fatty acids
influences the structure of the
lipid. In the fatty acid chains,
the carbon atoms could have
single bonds between them
making the lipid “saturated”.
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