Derivative relations in semantics

Derivative relations in semantics

1. TENSE AND ASPECT

   • One of the aspects that belong to the level of the sentence is the marking of time, known as tense.

2. Dimensions

   • Allow speakers to classify situations by using semantic distinctions:
     • -Tense
     • Situation Type
     • Aspect

3. Tense

   • When describing the meanings of the tenses,
     • The TIMELINE (past, present and the future).
   • Tense as a deictic category
     • The crucial fact about tense is that it is a deictic category¨.

4. Kinds of tenses

   • Absolute tense
     • Like the PAST tense
   • Relative tenses
     • Like the Future perfect:

5. Verbs and situation types

   • Verbs describe different situation types
     • Some verbs describe states,
       • allow the speaker to view a situation as a steady state, with NO INTERNAL PHASES OR CHANGES.
     • Others are dynamic and describe processes and events
       • A dynamic verb is a verb used primarily to indicate an action or process as opposed to a state.

6. References

   • Cowan, R. (2008). The Teacher's Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press.
     • Declerck, R. , Reed, S. y Cappelle, B. (2006).The Grammar of the English tense system: a comprehensive analysis. Berlin: Library of Congress.
       • Kearns, K. (2011). Semantics. Second edition. China: Palgrave Modern Linguistics.
         • Saeed, J. (2009). Semantics. Third edition. Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell.