DEFINING VS NON-DEFINING

DEFINING VS NON-DEFINING

1. DEFINING NO COMMAS NECESSARY INFORMATION. Essential to distinguish which thing or person we are talking about BETWEEN COMMAS EXTRA INFORMATION. Not necessary to distinguish which thing or person we are talking about My brother, who lives in Ontario, is older. I called my brother who lives in Ontario. (I have more than one brother and I called the one that lives in Ontario) (=I have only one brother and I'm just mentioning that he lives in Ontario)

   • WE CAN USE THAT We CAN use THAT instead of WHO/WHICH. WE CANNOT USE THAT We CANNOT use THAT instead of WHO/WHICH. That's the mug WHICH/THAT I bought in Paris. I didn't know the man WHO/THAT was there. These bikes, WHICH cost a fortune,are made in Japan. (NOT that cost a furtune)
     • RELATIVE PRONOUNS CAN BE OMITTED RELATIVE PRONOUNS CANNOT BE OMITTED WE CANNOT omit WHO/WHICH We CAN omit WHO/WHICH/THAT when they are followed by SUBJECT + VERB Do you like the song (WHICH/THAT) I wrote? That's the man (WHO/THAT) I like. They introduced me to John, who I liked immediately. (NOT John, Hiked immediately)

2. NON-DEFININGBETWEEN COMMAS EXTRA INFORMATION. Not necessary to distinguish which thing or person we are talking about. My brother, who lives in Ontario, is older. (=I have only one brother and I'm just mentioning that he lives in Ontario) WE CANNOT USE THAT We CANNOT use THAT instead of WHO/WHICH These bikes, WHICH cost a fortune,are made in Japan. (NOT that cost a furtune)

   • RELATIVE PRONOUNS CANNOT BE OMITTED We CANNOT omit WHO/WHICH They introduced me to John, who I liked immediately. (NOT John, Hiked immediately)