6097984
Description
Mind Map by CLAUDIA MARTINEZ, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by CLAUDIA MARTINEZ
over 7 years ago
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Overview, uniqueness and real-life
listening
- Dimensions in teaching of listening comprehension,
Jack C. Richards
- APPROACH
- Tries to understand the nature of listening
comprehension and takes into account the
processes that the listeners make use of.
- A related level of
discourse processing
- 1 prepositional identification:
prepositions are the basic units of
meaning involved.
- 2 Interpretation of illocutionary force.
- 3. An activation of real world knowledge
- 1 prepositional identification:
prepositions are the basic units of
meaning involved.
- Central processes of listening
comprehension and ways in
which spoken discourse and
written text differ.
- Clausal basis of speech:
several clauses coordinated
- Reduced forms: speakers need
to express meanings efficiently
- Ungrammatical forms:
ungrammatical forms and
constructions are frequent.
- Pausing and speech errors:
pauses, hesitations, false starts,
and corrections in speech.
- Rate of delivery: our perception
of the pace of speech is
affected by pausing.
- Rhythm and stress:
- Cohesive devices
- Information content
- Interactive: formal or informal
discourse.
- Clausal basis of speech:
several clauses coordinated
- A related level of
discourse processing
- Tries to understand the nature of listening
comprehension and takes into account the
processes that the listeners make use of.
- DESIGN
- The design component of methodology enables the
identification of component micro-skills which
provide the focus for instructional activities.
- Design phase in curriculum
development
- Diagnostic testing assessment
- Assessment of learners needs
- Diagnostic testing
- Formulation of instructional objectives
- Needs assessment
- Taxonomy of listening skills
- Diagnostic testing assessment
- Design phase in curriculum
development
- The design component of methodology enables the
identification of component micro-skills which
provide the focus for instructional activities.
- PROCEDURE
- In teaching listening comprehension the objective
is to provide opportunities for the learner to
acquire particular microskills.
- Two variables in teaching listening that can be be
manipulated and they serve to develop in particular
skills areas Input and tasks.
- Criteria that can be applied to the
evaluation of exercises and classroom
procedures.
- criteria for evaluating activities and exercises
- content validity
- purposefulness and transferability
- testing or teaching
- authenticity
- criteria for evaluating activities and exercises
- In teaching listening comprehension the objective
is to provide opportunities for the learner to
acquire particular microskills.
- APPROACH
- Characteristics of spoken texts (aspects of
comprehension that are unique to listening)
- Phonological modification
- in rapid speech, adjacent sounds influence each
other. Such modifications take place according to
a set of a very complex rules, and these rules
vary from one language to another.
- E.G. English language. * Assimilation, when sounds influence the
pronunciation of adjacent sounds. * Elision, when
sounds are dropped in rapid speech.. * Intrusion,
when a new sound is introduced between other
sounds.
- Also, a little words with a grammatical function usually have
two pronunciations Strong and weak form.
- Also, a little words with a grammatical function usually have
two pronunciations Strong and weak form.
- E.G. English language. * Assimilation, when sounds influence the
pronunciation of adjacent sounds. * Elision, when
sounds are dropped in rapid speech.. * Intrusion,
when a new sound is introduced between other
sounds.
- in rapid speech, adjacent sounds influence each
other. Such modifications take place according to
a set of a very complex rules, and these rules
vary from one language to another.
- Phonological modification and language
comprehension phonological system: real
speakers Vs classroom pronunciation
- Accent
- Accent
- Prosodic features: stress
and intonation
- Word stress / Sentence stress
- Intonation
- Prosody and comprehension
- Hesitation and language comprehension
- Discourse structure
- Non-verbal signals
- Word stress / Sentence stress
- Phonological modification
- Factors influencing Engllish Liistening comprenhensionand possible
measures for improvement
- In China the GTM has been found inadequate because
it was found that English must be taught as a tooll for
communication.
- According to Asher, Postovsky, Winitz, Krashen the role of listening is a tool
for understanding and emhasized as key factor in facilitating language
learning.
- Teachers must explore...
- Nature and process of listening comprenhension
- study the theory and methodology of LC
- Nature and process of listening comprenhension
- Listening strategies contribute to the
comprenhension and recall of listening
input.
- Listening strategies are
classified according to the way
the listener processes the input.
- Listening strategies are
classified according to the way
the listener processes the input.
- Complex sentences are
different from one language to
another
- Cultural knowledge and thinking differences
between languages affect listening
comprenhension
- It is essential to encourage ss to be autonomous.
- Discrimination in English
pronunciation, intonation and
language flow are the most
important fro beginners.
- Predictive ability is an important micro skill.
- The ability to guess the meaning is also an important lmicro skills.
- In China the GTM has been found inadequate because
it was found that English must be taught as a tooll for
communication.
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