living things

levels of organisation matter
1. 1. Atom
2. 2. Molecule
3. 3. Cell
4. 4. Tissue
5. 5. Organ
6. 6. System
7. 7. Organism
8. 8. Species
9. 9. Population
10. 10. Biocenosis or community
11. 11. Ecosystem
12. 12. Biosphere
Bioelements
1. Are the units which living things are composed of
2. Primari bioelements
  1. carbon (C)
  2. oxigen(O)
  3. hydrogen(N)
  4. nitrogen(N)
  5. phosphorus
  6. sulphur(S)
3. Secondary bioelements
  1. calcium(Ca)
  2. sodium(Na)
  3. magnesium(Mg)
  4. potassium(K)
4. Trace elements
  1. iron(Fe)
  2. iodine(I)
Biomolecules; bioelements join together .
1. Organic biomolecules:
  1. * They are unique to living things. Its main elements is carbon (C)
    1. Carbohydrates
      1. They provide instant energy for organisms
        glucose,lactose,sucrose
    2. lipids
      1. they store energy for future needs
        fats, waxes,cholesterol
    3. proteins
      1. form structures such as hair, skin, and muscles
        haemoglobin,collagen,keratin
    4. nucleic acids
      1. contain an individual genetic information
        DNA,RNA
2. Inorganic biomolecules
  1. water
    1. different functions: thermal regulation and the transport of substances
  2. mineral salts
    1. participate in the formation of the rigid structures (bones)
      1. calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate
CELLS
1. Are the functional and structural units of all living things.
  1. unicellular and multicellular
2. Cell structure
  1. plasma membrane
  2. cytoplasm
  3. nucleid acid
3. Cell types
  1. prokaryote cell
    1. size: 0.5-10 um
    2. genetic material in cytoplasm
    3. plasma membrane is covered by a cell wall
    4. small organelles
  2. eukaryote cell
    1. size: 10-150 um
    2. genetic material is contained in the membrana (nucleus)
    3. cytoplasm particular jobs: cellular organelles
    4. plant: they have a cell wall covering the plasma membrane. Contains choloplasts
    5. animal: they do not have a cedll wall. They do not have chloroplast
4. cell epecialisation
  1. division of labour
  2. greater efficiency
  3. longevity
VITAL FUNCTIONS
1. Nutrition
  1. The purpose of nutrition is to renew and help preserve the organism´s structure, as well as obtaining energy to perform the three vital functions
  2. cellular metabolism
    1. anabolism
    2. catabolism
  3. types
    1. autotrophic
    2. heterotrophic
2. Interaction
  1. allows living things to interact with their environment, detect any changes in it and react to therm
3. reproduction
  1. asexual
    1. a single individual creates multiple descendants which are identical.
      1. bipartition
      2. budding
      3. sporulation
  2. sexual
    1. it requires two individuals of the opposite sex
Vital functions in plants
1. plant nutrition
  1. photosynthesis
    1. water+minerals salts+CO2+sunlight = organic matter + O2
  2. cell respiration
    1. organic matter + O2 = water + CO2 + energy

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living things

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	Created by Odei Antxon Sarasa Zunzarren about 7 years ago