11003876
Description
Mind Map by Menna Emam, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by Menna Emam
over 6 years ago
|
|
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Causes
- Weight
- Adults
- Tonsils
- Children
- Jaw
anatomy
- Children
- Adults
- Weight
- occurs due to
- Obstruction in any of the upper respiratory structures.
- Anatomy of the
upper respiratory
system
- Nose
- External
features
- Dorsum
of the
nose
- Extends
from the
root to the
apex
- Extends
from the
root to the
apex
- Nostrils
- The
nares or
anterior
nasal
apertures
- Are
bound
laterally
- by
- the alae of the nose
- the alae of the nose
- by
- The
nares or
anterior
nasal
apertures
- Dorsum
of the
nose
- skeleton
- Movable
- cartilagenous
- made up of
- hyaline
cartilages
- hyaline
cartilages
- made up of
- cartilagenous
- Immovable
- (bridge of
the nose) is
bony
- (bridge of
the nose) is
bony
- Movable
- External
features
- Larynx
- features
- The
skeleton
consists of
- cartilages
- membranes
- membranes
- cartilages
- principal
cartilages
are
- two
arytenoid
cartilages
- thyroid
- epiglottis
- cricoid
- is the only complete
cartilaginous ring in
the respiratory system
- is the only complete
cartilaginous ring in
the respiratory system
- cricoid
- epiglottis
- thyroid
- two
arytenoid
cartilages
- The
skeleton
consists of
- features
- Pharynx
- features
- Is about
12-14 cm
long
- Direct air into the
larynx, while solid
and liquid food are
directed to the
esophagus.
- wide superiorly but
becomes narrow at the
junction with the
esophagus
- wide superiorly but
becomes narrow at the
junction with the
esophagus
- Direct air into the
larynx, while solid
and liquid food are
directed to the
esophagus.
- Extends
from
- the base of the
skull to the inferior
border of the cricoid
cartilage (C6)
- the base of the
skull to the inferior
border of the cricoid
cartilage (C6)
- Provides a
common route
for air and food.
- Is about
12-14 cm
long
- features
- Nose
- Anatomy of the
upper respiratory
system
- Obstruction in any of the upper respiratory structures.
- clinical presentation
- Unrefreshing
nocturnal
sleep
- Difficulty
concentrating
- Daytime
sleepiness
- Nocturnal
choking
- Disturbed
sleep
- Hypertension
- Depression
- Nocturia
- Nocturia
- Depression
- Hypertension
- Disturbed
sleep
- Nocturnal
choking
- Daytime
sleepiness
- Difficulty
concentrating
- Unrefreshing
nocturnal
sleep
- Obesity causes OSA or vice versa?
- If a person is overweight and suffering from sleep-disordered breathing, he/she may
not be as motivated to exercise or to diet. When apnea leads to daytime sleepiness, it
may be that much harder to begin or sustain an exercise program, which has been
shown to help people begin or maintain weight loss
- If a person is overweight and suffering from sleep-disordered breathing, he/she may
not be as motivated to exercise or to diet. When apnea leads to daytime sleepiness, it
may be that much harder to begin or sustain an exercise program, which has been
shown to help people begin or maintain weight loss
- was later diagnosed with
- WAKEUP DAD !
- presents with
- Snoring
- is
- The vibration of respiratory structures
and the resulting sound, due to
obstructed air movement
during breathing while sleeping
- The vibration of respiratory structures
and the resulting sound, due to
obstructed air movement
during breathing while sleeping
- Treatment
- Lifestyle changes
- Surgery
- Medication
- CPAP
- CPAP
- Medication
- Surgery
- Lifestyle changes
- is
- Snoring
- presents with
- WAKEUP DAD !
- Has 3 Types
- Central Sleep apnea
- The reduction in the drive to breathe from the
brain. Usually occurs with heart failure,
- The reduction in the drive to breathe from the
brain. Usually occurs with heart failure,
- Sleep apnea
- Mixed sleep apnea
- combination of obstructive and central
- combination of obstructive and central
- Central Sleep apnea
- Diagnosis
- Physical
Exam
- Medical and
Family
Historiies
- Sleep Studies
- such as
- Home-Based
Portable Monitor
- This system consists
- Of a small recording
device, sensors, belts
and related cables.
- Of a small recording
device, sensors, belts
and related cables.
- A portable monitor will
record
- The amount of oxygen in the blood
- How much air is moving in and out
- Heart rate
- Chest movements
- Chest movements
- Heart rate
- How much air is moving in and out
- The amount of oxygen in the blood
- This system consists
- Polysomnogram
- Usually
- Assessment of
sleep stages
requires 3 studies
- Electroencephalography :
monitor sleep stage
- Electrooculography: monitor
both horizontal and vertical eye
movements.
- Electromyography: record
atonia during REM sleep or lack
of atonia in patients with REM-
related parasomnias.
- Electromyography: record
atonia during REM sleep or lack
of atonia in patients with REM-
related parasomnias.
- Electrooculography: monitor
both horizontal and vertical eye
movements.
- Electroencephalography :
monitor sleep stage
- Assessment of
sleep stages
requires 3 studies
- Other Parameters
measured
- Sound recordings to
measure snoring
- End tidal or
transcutaneous CO2
- Continuous video
monitoring
- Respiratory effort
- Electrocardiography
- Pulse oximetry
- Thermistor
- Thermistor
- Pulse oximetry
- Electrocardiography
- Respiratory effort
- Continuous video
monitoring
- End tidal or
transcutaneous CO2
- Sound recordings to
measure snoring
- Usually
- Home-Based
Portable Monitor
- such as
- Physical
Exam
- complication
- Low blood oxygen levels
- during
- sleep
- lead
to
- hypertension
& pulmonary
hypertension
- hypertension
& pulmonary
hypertension
- lead
to
- sleep
- Heart failure
- Polycythemia
- Death
- Death
- Polycythemia
- during
- Low blood oxygen levels
- Management
- Modification of behavioral factors
- Weight loss (including exercise regime)
- Avoidance of alcohol and sedatives before sleep
- Avoidance of supine sleep position
- Weight loss (including exercise regime)
- Oral/dental devices
- May be useful in mild-to-moderate cases
- Not uniformly effective
- May be useful in mild-to-moderate cases
- Nasal CPAP
- Noninvasive
- Very effective
- Noninvasive
- Surgical procedures
- UPPP
- Nasal surgery
- Nasal surgery
- Tonsillectomy
- LAUP
- LAUP
- Tracheostomy
- Maxillofacial surgery
- Maxillofacial surgery
- UPPP
- Modification of behavioral factors
- Definition
- Airflow is blocked and air cannot enter lungs.
- Airflow is blocked and air cannot enter lungs.
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