112563
Description
Mind Map by marnie_gibson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by marnie_gibson
almost 11 years ago
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Cognitive (S+W)
- Tends to use a
scientific approach
through the use of
laboratory
experiments.
Laboratory
experiments are high
in control therefore
researchers are able
to establish cause
and effect.
- E.g. Loftus and
Palmer were able
to control the age
of the participants,
the use of video
and the location of
the experiment &
All participants
were asked the
same questions.
- Standardised experiments are easy to test for reliability.
- E.g. Loftus and
Palmer were able
to control the age
of the participants,
the use of video
and the location of
the experiment &
All participants
were asked the
same questions.
- Useful contributions that have arisen from
this approach as many modern types of
therapy are based on the cognitive approach.
Understanding cognitive processes allows us
to help people to improve their cognitive
processes such as memory and language.
- E.g. Baron-Cohen et al.
study enables us to
better understand the
behaviour of people with
autism, Loftus and
Palmers study highlights
the limitations of
eye-witness testimonies,
Savage-Rumbaugh's
research may offer
strategies to help
children with language
difficulties to develop
language or to use
strategies such as the
lexigram system.
- Able to provide a very
sophisticated
understanding of how the
brain processes
information.
- E.g. Baron-Cohen et al.
study enables us to
better understand the
behaviour of people with
autism, Loftus and
Palmers study highlights
the limitations of
eye-witness testimonies,
Savage-Rumbaugh's
research may offer
strategies to help
children with language
difficulties to develop
language or to use
strategies such as the
lexigram system.
- Validity of measuring cognitive
processes as we can only
infer what a person is thinking
and therefore the cognitive
approach relies heavily on self
report measures and
observation.
- E.g. we can only infer that adults with autism have theory of
mind difficulties from the results of the Eyes Task or that
pygmy chimps are really using language when they
communicate through a Lexigram.
- Studies carried out in
laboratory settings lack
ecological validity. When
processes such as
memory and theory of
mind are studied in
artificial situations it may
be difficult to generalise
the findings to everyday
life.
- E.g. we can only infer that adults with autism have theory of
mind difficulties from the results of the Eyes Task or that
pygmy chimps are really using language when they
communicate through a Lexigram.
- Reliance on the computer analogy leads to a
reductionist (idea that complex phenomena can
be explained by simpler things) description of
experiences and behaviour.
- The cognitive approach often ignores social and emotional
factors which may impact on cognition. E.g. the autism study
investigated just one central cognitive deficit as an explanation
for autism.
- The cognitive approach often ignores social and emotional
factors which may impact on cognition. E.g. the autism study
investigated just one central cognitive deficit as an explanation
for autism.
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