129470
Module 1 - Definitions
- Physical Quantities, vectors and scalars
- What are SI base units?
- A unit from which all other units are
derived.
- A unit from which all other units are
derived.
- What is a scalar?
- A quantity which has a
magnitude only.
- A quantity which has a
magnitude only.
- What is a vector?
- A quantity which has a magnitude
and a direction.
- A quantity which has a magnitude
and a direction.
- What is the difference between a
scalar and a vector?
- Vectors have direction, scalars
do not.
- Vectors have direction, scalars
do not.
- What are SI base units?
- Linear Motion
- What is momentum?
- It is the product of mass and velocity.
- p=mv
- It is the product of mass and velocity.
- What is displacement?
- Distance from a fixed point in a certain
direction. (vector)
- Distance from a fixed point in a certain
direction. (vector)
- What is speed?
- Rate of change of
distance.
- Rate of change of
distance.
- What is velocity?
- Speed in a certain direction
(rate of change of
displacement).
- S.U.V.A.T equations
- Speed in a certain direction
(rate of change of
displacement).
- What is acceleration?
- Rate of change of velocity with
time.
- Rate of change of velocity with
time.
- What is momentum?
- Forces, Newtons Laws and moments
- What is the newton?
- One newton is the force required to
accelerate 1kg at 1m/s.
- One newton is the force required to
accelerate 1kg at 1m/s.
- What is the resultant force?
- A single force which replaces all the forces and is the
vector sum of all the individual forces.
- Fres=ma
- Fres= Driving force - Friction
- A single force which replaces all the forces and is the
vector sum of all the individual forces.
- What conditions are necessary for a body to
be in equilibrium?
- The resultant force must be zero and the
sum of the moments must be zero.
- The resultant force must be zero and the
sum of the moments must be zero.
- What is Newton's First Law?
- A body will remain at
rest or continue in
uniform motion unless
acted upon by an
external force.
- A body will remain at
rest or continue in
uniform motion unless
acted upon by an
external force.
- What is Newton's Second Law?
- If a body is acted upon by a resultant force, the
acceleration will be proportional to the force and in the
direction of the force and inversely proportional to the
mass of the object.
- If a body is acted upon by a resultant force, the
acceleration will be proportional to the force and in the
direction of the force and inversely proportional to the
mass of the object.
- What is Newton's Third Law?
- When a body A exerts a force on body B, body
B will exert an equal and opposite force back
onto body A.
- When a body A exerts a force on body B, body
B will exert an equal and opposite force back
onto body A.
- Examples of Newton's 1st law?
- Object sitting at rest
e.g book on a table.
- Book stationary so 1st law applies.
- Object sitting at rest
e.g book on a table.
- Examples of Newton's 3rd law?
- Sound/ ultrasound.
- Sound/ ultrasound.
- What is Friction?
- The force which
opposes motion.
- The force which
opposes motion.
- What is the Centre
of Gravity?
- The point on an object through
which all of its weight appears to
act.
- The point on an object through
which all of its weight appears to
act.
- What is the moment of a
force?
- The moment of a force about a point is the
product of the force and the perpendicular
distance from the line of action to the pivot
point.
- M=Fd
- The moment of a force about a point is the
product of the force and the perpendicular
distance from the line of action to the pivot
point.
- What is the principle of
moments?
- When a system is in rotational equilibrium, the
sum of the clockwise moments must equal the
sum of the anti-clockwise moments about the
same point.
- When a system is in rotational equilibrium, the
sum of the clockwise moments must equal the
sum of the anti-clockwise moments about the
same point.
- What is the newton?
- Work Done, Potential and Kinetic Energy
- What is energy?
- The ability to do work.
- The ability to do work.
- What is work done?
- Work is defined as the product of the force and the
distance the object moved in the direction of the force.
- W=Fd
- Work is defined as the product of the force and the
distance the object moved in the direction of the force.
- What is the principle of conservation of
energy?
- Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it
can only be converted from one form to another.
- Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it
can only be converted from one form to another.
- What is power?
- Power is the rate of doing work.
- P=W/t
- P=Fv
- Power is the rate of doing work.
- What is efficiency?
- The fraction of input energy which does useful work.
- efficiency=useful energy out/total energy in
- The fraction of input energy which does useful work.
- What is GPE?
- The energy due to the height or position of a body.
- The energy due to the height or position of a body.
- What is KE?
- Energy due to movement of mass.
- Energy due to movement of mass.
- What is energy?
- Deformation Of Solids
- What is hookes law?
- The extension of an
elastic material is
directly proportional tot
he applied load up to the
limit of proportionality?
- F=kx
- The extension of an
elastic material is
directly proportional tot
he applied load up to the
limit of proportionality?
- What is the limit of proportionality?
- The point where the direct
proportion between load
and extension ends
(where the straight line on
the graph starts to curve).
- The point where the direct
proportion between load
and extension ends
(where the straight line on
the graph starts to curve).
- what is the elastic limit?
- The point beyond which the
material does not return to its
natural state when the load is
removed (it is in plastic
deformation).
- The point beyond which the
material does not return to its
natural state when the load is
removed (it is in plastic
deformation).
- What is Elastic deformation?
- Region in which the material
returns to its original shape when
the load is removed.
- Region in which the material
returns to its original shape when
the load is removed.
- What is plastic deformation?
- Region in which the
material does not
return to its original
shape when the load
is removed.
- Region in which the
material does not
return to its original
shape when the load
is removed.
- What is the yield point?
- Point which gives ultimate
tensile stress (wire breaks
beyond this point).
- Point which gives ultimate
tensile stress (wire breaks
beyond this point).
- What is stress?
- Applied force per unit cross
sectional area.
- Applied force per unit cross
sectional area.
- What is strain?
- The ratio of the extension to
the original length.
- The ratio of the extension to
the original length.
- What is Youngs modulus?
- The ratio of stress to strain
within the limit of
proportionality.
- The ratio of stress to strain
within the limit of
proportionality.
- What is ultimate tensile stress?
- The maximum stress
which can be applied to a
wire without it breaking.
- The maximum stress
which can be applied to a
wire without it breaking.
- What is hookes law?
- Electricity
- What is current?
- The rate of flow of charge at a point in the
circuit.
- The rate of flow of charge at a point in the
circuit.
- What is the volt?
- One volt is equivalent to the work done when
one joule is added to one coulomb of charge.
- One volt is equivalent to the work done when
one joule is added to one coulomb of charge.
- What is the EMF?
- The chemical energy converted into electrical
energy per unit charge passing through the
circuit.
- The chemical energy converted into electrical
energy per unit charge passing through the
circuit.
- What is Potential Difference?
- The electrical energy converted to
other forms per unit charge in the
circuit.
- The electrical energy converted to
other forms per unit charge in the
circuit.
- What are the similarities
between the Potential
Difference and EMF?
- Both measured in volts.
- Both a measure of
work done per unit
charge.
- Both measured in volts.
- What is the difference
between PD and EMF?
- Potential Difference is
energy lost by charge.
- Electromotive force is
energy gained by charge.
- Potential Difference is
energy lost by charge.
- Why do all bulbs light in
a circuit at the same
time?
- When a potential difference is
applied the electrons drift
towards the positive terminal
immediately. This happens at
all points in the circuit at the
same time so all the bulbs light
together.
- When a potential difference is
applied the electrons drift
towards the positive terminal
immediately. This happens at
all points in the circuit at the
same time so all the bulbs light
together.
- What is the direction of
conventional current?
- The direction of the motion of the
hypothetical positive charge
carries from the positive terminal to
the negative terminal
- The direction of the motion of the
hypothetical positive charge
carries from the positive terminal to
the negative terminal
- Power
- P=IV
- P=I2R
- P=V2/R
- P=IV
- Electrical Energy
- W=ItV
- W=ItV
- What is current?
- Resistance
- What is internal resistance?
- The opposition to the flow of current
inside the power source.
- The opposition to the flow of current
inside the power source.
- What is Ohm's Law?
- For a conductor the current through it is directly
proportional to the potential difference across it provided
the temperature remains constant.
- For a conductor the current through it is directly
proportional to the potential difference across it provided
the temperature remains constant.
- What is resistivity?
- It is the resistance of a wire of
length 1m and cross-sectional
area of 1m2. It depends only on
the atomic structure of the
conductor - a constant for each
material.
- It is the resistance of a wire of
length 1m and cross-sectional
area of 1m2. It depends only on
the atomic structure of the
conductor - a constant for each
material.
- What is the difference
between resistance and
resistivity?
- Resistance is a property of the conductor and
varies depending on its physical dimensions (length,
cross sectional area)
- Resistivity is a property of the material and does
not depend on the physical dimensions, only the
atomic structure.
- Resistance is a property of the conductor and
varies depending on its physical dimensions (length,
cross sectional area)
- What happens to the resistance of a
filament lamp as the current increases?
- As current increases the resistance also
increases. As current increases, temperature
also increases. This causes the fixed ions to
vibrate more so they take up more space. The
free electrons will collide more and so lose more
energy hence the resistance increases.
- As current increases the resistance also
increases. As current increases, temperature
also increases. This causes the fixed ions to
vibrate more so they take up more space. The
free electrons will collide more and so lose more
energy hence the resistance increases.
- What happens to the resistance of
an NTC Thermistor as the current
increases?
- As the current increases, the temperature increases. As the
temperature increases, more electrons become delocalised. This
effect outweighs the increased vibration of the cations as a
result of increased temperature.
- As the current increases, the temperature increases. As the
temperature increases, more electrons become delocalised. This
effect outweighs the increased vibration of the cations as a
result of increased temperature.
- Why do electrons
have a drift
velocity?
- If there is no pd the electrons move randomly ( random thermal motion). The
average effect of this is zero. Once a pd is applied the electrons are attracted and
accelerate towards the positive terminal and collide with the ions in the conductor
which decelerates them. The process then repeats and when averaged this gives a
drift velocity.
- If there is no pd the electrons move randomly ( random thermal motion). The
average effect of this is zero. Once a pd is applied the electrons are attracted and
accelerate towards the positive terminal and collide with the ions in the conductor
which decelerates them. The process then repeats and when averaged this gives a
drift velocity.
- What is superconductivity?
- A material is a superconductor if its resistivity falls to zero
below its critical (or transition) temperature.
- A material is a superconductor if its resistivity falls to zero
below its critical (or transition) temperature.
- What is the transition
temperature (critical or curie
temperature)?
- The temperature below which the
materials resistivity falls to zero.
- The temperature below which the
materials resistivity falls to zero.
- What is an
application of
superconductivity?
- Electromagnets for use in
MRI scanners.
- Electromagnets for use in
MRI scanners.
- What is the principle of conservation of charge?
- Sum of the currents going into a junction is equal to
the sum of the currents leaving the junction.
- Sum of the currents going into a junction is equal to
the sum of the currents leaving the junction.
- What conditions are
necessary for maximum
power?
- Internal resistance must
equal total external
resistance.
- Internal resistance must
equal total external
resistance.
- What is internal resistance?
- Dynamics
- What is projectile motion?
- Motion which results in the vector sum of two
perpendicular velocities. One is a constant velocity
(horizontal) and the other experiences uniform acceleration
(vertical).
- Motion which results in the vector sum of two
perpendicular velocities. One is a constant velocity
(horizontal) and the other experiences uniform acceleration
(vertical).
- What is projectile motion?
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