13120118
Description
Mind Map by yousaf alabrash, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by yousaf alabrash
almost 8 years ago
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Urinary Bladder Carcinoma
- signs and symptoms
- hematuria
- physiology of hematuria
- initial
- Urethra
- Urethra
- total
- bladder or upper UT
- bladder or upper UT
- end
- Bladder neck or
prostate urethra
- Bladder neck or
prostate urethra
- causes: differential diagnosis
- pain
- UTI
- stones
- UTI
- without
pain
- glomerulonephritis
- schistosomiasis
- glomerulonephritis
- either
- UTI
- APCKD
- UTI
- Grading
- pain
- initial
- physiology of hematuria
- urgency
- frequency
- weight loss
and fatigue
- peripheral
swelling
- hematuria
- causes
- schistosoma
- chronic cystitis
- HPV
- HPV
- chronic cystitis
- smoking
- schistosoma
- risk factors
- occupational
- aniline
- Taxi drivers
- Taxi drivers
- aniline
- Past exposure
to radiation
- type 2 diabetes
treatment
- type 2 diabetes
treatment
- occupational
- prognosis (5 year)
- stage 0
- 98%
- stage 2
- 63%
- stage 4
- 15%
- overall survival
- 5 year: 77%
- 10 year: 70%
- 15 year: 65%
- 15 year: 65%
- 10 year: 70%
- ALWAYS
follow up
with
transurethral
removal of
bladder
tumor
(TURBT)
- 5 year: 77%
- overall survival
- 15%
- stage 4
- 63%
- stage 2
- 98%
- stage 1
- 88%
- stage 3
- 46%
- 46%
- stage 3
- 88%
- stage 0
- diagnosis
- imaging
- US
- Cytoscopy
- US
- histopathology
- grading
- high grade
- well differentiated
- low grade
- poorly differnentiated
- poorly differnentiated
- low grade
- well differentiated
- high grade
- staging
- stage 0
- cis
- flat on the
mucosal
linning
- flat on the
mucosal
linning
- Papillary 0a
- Papillary on
mucosal
linning
- Papillary on
mucosal
linning
- stage 1
- invades the submucosa
- stage 2
- invade the muscle layer
- stage 3
- invades the surrounding fat
- stage 4
- invade the surrounding tissues
- invade the surrounding tissues
- invades the surrounding fat
- invade the muscle layer
- invades the submucosa
- cis
- stage 0
- cytology
- Detect highly malignant
cells (like CIS)
- schistoma hematobium egges
- Detect highly malignant
cells (like CIS)
- Papillary varient
- grading
- imaging
- lab investigations
- PSA
- test for prostatic cancer and
BPH
- can cause UTI
symptoms
- normal level: up to 4ng/ml
of blood
- other investigations were disscussed in
details in previous PBL's
- other investigations were disscussed in
details in previous PBL's
- can cause UTI
symptoms
- test for prostatic cancer and
BPH
- PSA
- management
- stage 0
- a(papillary)
- mitomyocin
- mitomyocin
- in situ
- BCG
- BCG
- stage 1
- low grade
- BCG
- BCG
- high grade
- radical
cystectomy
- radical
cystectomy
- stage 2 & 3
- radical cystectomy
- stage 4
- chemotherapy
- chemotherapy
- radical cystectomy
- low grade
- a(papillary)
- stage 0
- Physiology of micturation
- during bladder filling
- sympathetic (L1-L3) dominate
- Relax detrusor
muscle
- stimulate the
internal sphincter
- during bladder emptying
- parasympthatic (S2-S4) dominate
- contract
detrusor muscle
- inhibit the
internal sphincter
- there must be somatic relaxation of external
sphincter in order of voiding to happen
- by pudendal nerve (S3-S4)
- by pudendal nerve (S3-S4)
- contract
detrusor muscle
- parasympthatic (S2-S4) dominate
- Relax detrusor
muscle
- sympathetic (L1-L3) dominate
- during bladder filling
- epidemiology
- MC malignancy in UTI
- 9th MC malignancy
- types
- urothelial
- in america and europe
- MC risk factor: smoking
- MC risk factor: smoking
- in america and europe
- non-urothelial
- in middle east
- MC risk fsctor: schistosoma hemabotium
- A cestode parasitic infection
- increases carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes
- +++N-nitrosamines
- alkylating DNA damage
- metaplasia and carcinoma
- metaplasia and carcinoma
- alkylating DNA damage
- +++N-nitrosamines
- increases carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes
- A cestode parasitic infection
- MC risk fsctor: schistosoma hemabotium
- in middle east
- urothelial
- MC malignancy in UTI
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