Measurement

Measurement

1. Area and Volume

   • Simpsons rule
     • A = h/3 (dF+4dM+dL)
   • Surface area
     • Sphere A=4~r^2
     • Cylinder Closed - A=2~rh+2~r^2 Open - A=2~rh+~r^2
   • Area
     • Ellipses A=~ab
     • Circle A=~r^2
   • Accuracy (+or-0.5)
   • Volume
     • Prism - V=Ah Cylinder - V = ~r^2 h Pyramid - V=1/3Ah Cone - V=1/3~r^r h Sphere = V=4/3~r^3

2. Trigonometry

   • Right-angled Triangles
     • SOH CAH TOA Pythagoras - c^2=a^2 + ^2
   • Bearings
     • Charts, maps, diagrams etc Compass Bearings True bearings
   • Area of a Triangle
     • A=1/2 bh A=1/2 ab SinC
   • Sine Rule
     • a/SinA = b/SinB = c/SinC X
     • 2 sides & 1 angle or 1 side & 2 angles
   • Cosine Rule
     • a^2 = a^2+b^2-2bc Cos A If you know 2 sides & included angle

3. Spherical Geometry

   • Arc lengths of circles
     • L=*/360 x 2~r
   • Geometry of the Earth
     • radius = 6400 km Longitude I Latitude -
     • 1 NM = 1852 m 1' = 1 NM 1 knot = 1 NM/h
     • Time zones