Approaches and Methods

Cognitive-Social Models of Learning
1. Literacy Across the Curriculum
  1. includes reading and writing in ALL subjects- includingscience, math, history
    1. language skills are developed and practiced in ALL subjects
  2. FOCUS: integrates literacy and content instruction
2. Language Experience Approach
  1. Students learn that what is said can be written down and what is written down can be said.
  2. key = student's prior experiences build bridge to new ideas and concepts
    1. At first, students tell about experiences to a teacher. Teacher writes it down. Later, this student use the written account as a reading text.
3. Balanced Reading Approach
  1. instruction should be tailored to each child's preferred reading approach
    1. Teachers figure out how students learn best and how they read. then differentiates accordingly
  2. combines phonic instruction with reading authentic texts
    1. stories and informational writing
4. Process Writing
  1. writing involves thinking, reflection, and revisions
5. Cooperative Learning
  1. students share responsibility in task at hand
  2. should foster mutual learning rather than competitiveness
  3. used in the prep phase of CALLA
6. Inquiry Approaches
  1. "any activity aimed at extracting meaning from experiences"
  2. 1. ask question/identify problem 2. develop plan & take action 3. gather resources & analyze/summarize information 4. draw conclusions & report findings 5. reflect on process
7. Standards Based Instruction
  1. topics are created based on the national or state standards in the different subjects
Teaching Content
1. Content Objectives and Advance Organizers
  1. identify content objectives aligned to state and local standards
    1. basis of lesson
  2. Advanced organizers prove and overview for the content topic to the studied
    1. general understanding of what they'll be studying and how parts are related
2. prior knowledge
  1. all new info should be linked to student's prior knowledge
    1. brainstorming, discussions, graphic organizers, cooperative activities, jot notes
3. Experiential Learning
  1. content is taught as experiences, rather than just facts
  2. involves cooperative learning, which is beneficial for all students but especially Els
4. Multiple Intelligences
  1. learning preferences- linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic
    1. teachers should try to cover the different learning preferences that are represented in his/her classroom
5. Technical Vocabulary
  1. essential to provide key vocabulary
  2. provide paraphrases, definitions, and examples
    1. this helps EB students experience the new word in different ways
6. Questioning
  1. higher order thinking
  2. MODEL!!! Students will not know how to question if it is not modeled. This is especially true in our EB students
7. Monitoring
  1. teacher
    1. comprehension- by oral and written questions, exercises, checklists, etc.
  2. student
    1. teach students to monitor themselves
8. graphic organizers
  1. help students understand and remember info
9. learning strategies
  1. students need strategies to help them learn content and academic language
  2. teach strategies explicitly
Teaching Academic Language
1. Provide Academic Language Models
  1. teachers model good academic language
  2. give EB students a chance to take to non EB peers about academic topics
2. Encourage Language Awareness
  1. developed as they discover that the same object has different names in different languages
  2. helps EB students notice and acquire academic language
3. Academic Listening
  1. EB students need practice in listening to academic content
    1. from teachers, students, video recordings of teachers
4. Academic Speaking
  1. EBs need to practice speaking
    1. with teachers and others
5. Academic Reading and Writing
  1. across the curriculum in every subject
  2. don't only focus on the content of a text when reading, but also the language used
6. Thinking Skills
  1. teachers should ask higher order questions
    1. forces students to think, not just memorize
  2. questions should require explanations
7. Learning Strategies
  1. reading
    1. background knowledge, take notes, use graphic organizers
  2. writing
    1. plan, organize, edit

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	Created by Markel Strawder about 5 years ago