Early Middle Ages

3. The byzantine empire
1. 3.1 The origins and expansion of the Byzantine empire
  1. Theodosius I
    1. Divided the Roman Empire in 395 A.D.
    2. Made Byzantium the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
    3. The largest city in Europe
    4. Located on the Bosphorus Strait
  2. Grew its maximum size during reign of Justinian the Great (527-565 A.D.)
  3. General defeat Vandals and Ostrogoths and conquered Italian Peninsula and parts of North Africa
  4. They established a province called Spania
2. 3.2 The political structure
  1. Byzantine emperor was highest political and religious authority
  2. Empire was controlled by officials and a powerful army
  3. Empire was divided in provinces Controlled by a governor
3. 3.3 Economy
  1. Trade
    1. The empire was the crossroads of trade routes
    2. Leather, ivory, perfume, stones, slaves and spices arrived
  2. Craftsmanship
    1. Developed greatly
    2. Manufactured products, gold and silver products, fabrics… were produced and exported
4. 3.4 Society
  1. Was divide between nobility and the population
  2. Emperor and Byzantine nobility imposed high taxes
  3. the population was discontent
5. 3.5 Culture and religion
  1. Culture
    1. Combination of Greek, Roman and Eastern elements
    2. Greek was the spoken language
    3. Contributions in compilation of works and scientific treatises
  2. Religion
    1. Political and religious power were unified
    2. Byzantine Empire was intolerant to other religions
    3. Adaptation of Greek language to Slavic language resulted in Cyrillic alphabet
    4. -Eastern Christian church became known as Orthodox Church
2. An era of invasions
1. 2.1 The germanic people
  1. Franks
    1. Settled in Gaul
    2. King Clovis l, expanded to the north the south
    3. He defeated Visigoths in 507 A.D.
    4. Later it became the Carolingian Empire
      1. 4. The carolingian empire
        4.1 The origins and expansion of the Carolingian empire
        Prime minister
        Called the mayor of the palace or major-domo
        751 A.D. Pippin l the Younger occupied the throne of the Franks
        Position became influential
        Pope
        Need help fighting the Lombard Empire
        Pippin and Charles decide to help
        Charles
        Came to the throne when his father died in 768 A.D.
        In 800 A.D. he was emperor
        Was known as Charlemagne
        Die in 814 A.D.
        4.2 The political structure
        Governed with help of the court
        Appointed counts to govern the provinces
        Divided into marches and governed by a marquis
        4.3 The economy and society
        Islam
        Disrupted trade routes, making agriculture the only source of wealth
        Charlemagne
        Successors rewarded their nobles with large estates
        Population were peasants and worked in lands
        4.4 Culture and art
        Charlemagne brought the wisest people to his court
        Monks copied ancient texts to preserve texts
        Scribes devised a new rounded writing style
  2. Visigoths
    1. Emigrated to the Iberian Peninsula
    2. Established the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo
  3. Suebis
    1. Settled in the north-east of Iberian Peninsula
  4. Angles and Saxons
    1. Settled in Great Britain
  5. Ostrogoths
    1. Created a kingdom on Italian Peninsula
  6. Vandals
    1. Established in North Africa
  7. Germanic people
    1. Organised into tribes
    2. Settled in a region converted in kingdom
    3. Relatively few in number, formed the ruling group and inhabitants submit
  8. Germanic kingdoms
    1. Dominant group was Germanic nobility
    2. Monarch governed with help called royal council
    3. Nobles fought themselves and it created instability
1. The middle ages
1. 1.1 Political development
  1. Frequent wars and sackings
  2. Monarch depended of nobles
  3. Late Middle Age, monarch’s power increase. monarch have more resources than nobles.
  4. Byzantine Empire want decline when Islam appeared in Arabia (7th century)
  5. Muslim world fragmented. Christians began the Crusaders
2. 1.2 Economic development
  1. Trade recovered. New areas of production and trade routes created
3. 1.3 Social development
  1. Invasions andsackings caused insecurity
  2. Nobels and Lords were the higest authority
  3. Peasants and serfs were the lower authority
4. 1.4 Cultural developments
  1. Two stiles were: Romanesqe and Gothic
  2. Religious authority was the only source of knowledge
  3. Religious beliefs began

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Early Middle Ages

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