Blood

Blood

1. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

   • biconcave shape
     • larger surface area
     • loses nucleus soon after being made
       • Red Blood Corpuscules
     • no mitochondria
   • Transports O2
     • Haemoglobin
       • purple
         • 4 O2 molecules join to Fe2+ in lungs
           • oxyhaemoglobin (red)
   • Made in bone marrow
   • Broken down by liver + spleen
     • bile pigments
     • iron stored/ recycled
   • Lifespan: 4 months
     • Easily damaged/ Cannot be repaired
   • anaemia

2. White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)

   • Lymphocytes (25%)
     • stored (and some mature) in lymphatic system
     • Antibodies
     • Lifespan: 3months-10yrs
   • Monocytes (5%)
     • Phagocytes
       • Phagocytosis
         • Pseudopodia
       • Scavenge + engulf pathogens
     • Lifespan: 6-9 days
   • Made in bone marrow
   • Defend+ fight against infection
   • No definite shape
     • Larger than RBC
   • Leukaemia
     • immature WBCs
   • Less numerous than RBCs

3. Platelets (Thrombocytes)

   • fragments of megacytes
   • Clotting
     • Reduce blood loss
     • Prevent entry of micro organisms
   • Haemophilia
     • Missing clotting factor VIII
   • Thrombosis (blood clots)
     • stroke
     • heart attack

4. Plasma

   • Transport
     • Dissolved materials
       • glucose, amino acids, minerals, CO2, urea, hormones
     • Heat
   • Serum
     • plasma minus clotting proteins
   • Made of....
     • 90% water
     • 7% proteins
       • Antibodies
       • Clotting proteins
         • made by liver
     • 3% dissolved materials
   • 55% of blood

5. Blood Groups

   • ABO
     • Categories of RBCs
       • Antigens on membranes
     • Transfusions
   • Rhesus Factor
     • Rh+
       • Have chemical
     • Rh-
     • Rh- ---> Rh+
       • Complications with pregnancy
         • Rh- mother's 2nd Rh+ baby at risk

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