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CCENT 5.Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport and Applications Mind Map on TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols, created by jce299792458 on 10/05/2013.
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Created by jce299792458
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TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols
1 Features
1.1 Multiplexing using ports
1.1.1 Function that allows receiving hosts to choose
the correct application for which the data is
destined, based on the port number.
1.1.1.1 IP address,Transport
protocol, Port number
(10.1.1.2, TCP, port
80)
1.1.1.1.1 Hosts typically
allocate dynamic
port numbers
starting at 1024
because the ports
below 1024 are
reserved for
well-known
applications.
1.1.1.1.1.1 20
1.1.1.1.1.1.1 TCP, FTP data
1.1.1.1.1.2 21
1.1.1.1.1.2.1 TCP,FTP control
1.1.1.1.1.3 22
1.1.1.1.1.3.1 TCP, SSH
1.1.1.1.1.4 23
1.1.1.1.1.4.1 TCP, Telnet
1.1.1.1.1.5 53
1.1.1.1.1.5.1 UDP, TCP, DNS
1.1.1.1.1.5.1.1 TCP for Zone Transfer
UDP for DNS Queries
1.1.1.1.1.6 25
1.1.1.1.1.6.1 TCP, SMTP
1.1.1.1.1.7 67,68
1.1.1.1.1.7.1 UDP, DHCP
1.1.1.1.1.7.1.1 UDP port 67 for sending data to the server,
and UDP port 68 for data to the client
1.1.1.1.1.8 69
1.1.1.1.1.8.1 UDP, TFTP
1.1.1.1.1.9 80
1.1.1.1.1.9.1 TCP, HTTP (WWW)
1.1.1.1.1.10 110
1.1.1.1.1.10.1 TCP, POP3
1.1.1.1.1.11 161
1.1.1.1.1.11.1 UDP, SNMP
1.1.1.1.1.12 443
1.1.1.1.1.12.1 TCP, SSL
1.2 Error recovery (reliability)
1.2.1 Process of numbering and
acknowledging data with Sequence
and Acknowledgment header fields.
1.3 Flow control using windowing
1.3.1 Process that uses window sizes to protect
buffer space and routing devices from being
overloaded with traffic.
1.4 Connection
establishment and
termination
1.4.1 Process used to initialize port
numbers and Sequence and
Acknowledgment fields.
1.5 Ordered data
transfer and data
segmentation
1.5.1 Continuous stream of bytes from an
upper-layer process that is “segmented”
for transmission and delivered to
upper-layer processes at the receiving
device, with the bytes in the same order.
2 Transmission Control Protocol
2.1 Provides error recovery
2.1.1 Relies on IP for
end-to-end delivery of
the data, including
routing issues
2.2 using 2 bits inside the
flag fields of the TCP
header. Called the SYN
and ACK flags
2.2.1 SYN means
“synchronize the
sequence numbers”
2.2.1.1 a three-way handshake
must complete before data
transfer can begin.
2.2.1.1.1 SYN, DPORT=80, SPORT=1027
SYN, ACK, DPORT=1027, SPORT=80
ACK, DPORT=80, SPORT=1027
2.2.1.1.2 TCP Connection Termination
2.2.1.1.2.1 Four-way termination sequence
2.3 Connection-oriented protocol
2.3.1 Requires an exchange of messages before data transfer
begins, or that has a required preestablished correlation
between two endpoints
3 User Datagram Protocol
3.1 Does not
perform error
recovery
3.2 Connectionless protocol
3.2.1 Does not require an exchange of
messages and that does not
require a preestablished
correlation between two endpoints
4 QoS
4.1 Bandwidth
4.1.1 The volume of bits per second needed for the application to work well
4.2 Delay
4.2.1 The amount of time it takes one IP packet to flow from sender to receiver
4.3 Jitter
4.3.1 The variation in delay
4.4 Loss
4.4.1 The percentage of packets discarded by
the network before they reach the
destination, which when using TCP, requires
a retransmission.