Textiles (2)

Smart fabrics
1. What is a smart fabric?
  1. A smart fabric is a fabric that has been designed to react automatically to changes in its surroundings. They can be produced in a variety of ways
2. Thermochromic fibres: This is a micro-encapsulated dye that changes colour at different temperatures. The colour changing effect changes after 5-10 washes.
3. Photochromic fabric: this fabric changes it's colour in response to light conditions. It is used on fashion t-shirts and camoflage clothing
4. Conductive fabrics: are used to integrate electronics into textiles.
Modern fabrics and technologies.
1. Kevlar - is a very strong polymer that's made chemically and can be spun into strong fibres. Kevlar is a very, very strong fabric which resists abrasion and is used in bulletproof jackets.
2. Nomex - is another polymer spun into a fibre which is very fire resistant and is used in fire fighters jackets.
3. Fastskin - is a fabric designed by speedo. it is designed to mimic a sharks skin the rough surface of the fabric reduces the drag in the water of the swimmer.
4. Gore-tex - is waterproof, wind proof and breathable. Used for ski wear such as coats and gloves.
5. Tactel - is a type of nylon, which is light-weight, soft, can be recycled into plastic, and dries very quickly-8 times quicker than cotton.
Fabric constructions
1. Knitted
  2. Weft-kitted fabrics are made by hand or machine. Weft knits are used for socks, T-shirts and jumpers. Weft-knitted fabric is made by looping together long lengths of yarn. This makes the fabric stretchy and comfortable. The yarn runs in rows across the fabric. If a stitch is dropped it will ladder down the length of the fabric. weft knits, made by hand or machine, are used for socks, t-shirts and jumpers.
2. Warp Knit
  2. Warp-knitted fabric is made by machine and is used for swimwear. Warp-knitted fabric is made by machine. The loops interlock vertically along the length of the fabric. Warp knits are slightly stretchy and do not ladder. They are used for swimwear, underwear and geotextiles.
3. Plain weave
  1. In plain-weave the warp and weft are aligned so that they form a simple criss-cross pattern. It is strong and hardwearing. It is used for fashion and furnishing fabrics.
4. Twill weave
  1. In a twill-weave the crossings of weft and warp are offset to give a diagonal pattern on the fabric surface. Twill weave is strong and drapes well. It is used for jeans, jackets and curtains.
5. Satin weave
  1. Satin weave is like the twill; however the surface is very shiny due to the warp threads going over three weft threads instead of two or one. This mean the woven fibres are exposed uninterrupted.
6. Bonded/non woven
  1. Bonded-fibre fabrics are made from webs of synthetic fibres bonded together with heat or adhesives. They are cheap to produce, but not as strong as woven or knitted fabrics. Bonded-fibre fabrics are mainly used for interlining. They are easy to sew, crease-resistant, do not fray and are stable to washing and dry-cleaning.
Non-decorative techniques
1. Bondaweb
  1. A web of glue that is ironed onto fabric in order to cut out a neat shape, and then ironed onto fabric for accuracy and neatness when sewing.
2. Heat press
  1. Machine used to transfer an image printed from the computer from paper to fabric with heat and pressure.
Printing Methods
1. Block printing
  1. One image is stamped over and over again to make a repeat pattern. each layer of colour is stamped individually. Time consuming, requires great hand skills.
2. Screen printing
  1. An image is tarnferred to a very fine mesh screen and then dye is pushed through the screen using a squeegee, this forces the dye through and onto the fabric.
3. Transfer printing
  1. An image from the computer is printed onto paper and then transferred to fabric using a heat press (this is not called heat press)
More smart materials
1. UV reactive beads/paint/thread
  1. The colour changes depending on the amount of UV ray(light) they experience.
2. LEDs
  1. Light Emitting Diodes, small electronic lights that can be sewn into clothing, however they require a battery to run and often need conductive thread to work.
3. Solar panels
  1. Small panels that can generate power from UV rays form the sun.
Fastenings
1. Buttons/covered buttons
2. Toggle
3. Zip
4. Velcro
5. Press studs/ poppers
6. Magnetic clasps
7. Padlock
8. Buckle
9. Bag clasp
10. Frog buttons
11. Safety buckles/clips
12. Eyelets and lacing
13. Hook and eye
1. Recycled fabrics: plastic bottles turned into fleece
  1. Reusing- used clothing cab be donated to charity shops to be used again, or they can be modified to give them a new lease of life.
  2. Reprocessing- textile items are broken down to their fibrous form and then re-made into something new. Things that can be recycled into another fabric: furniture, carpets, tires, footwear, and non-durable goods such as sheets and towels.
  3. Both are good for the environment because they reduce the amount of wastage going to landfill sites. And reduce the need for more products.
2. Sustainably grown fabrics like bamboo, linen

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Textiles (2)

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	Created by Millie Fenner almost 11 years ago