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Description
Mind Map by Anahi Mendoza, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Anahi Mendoza
over 3 years ago
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Observations-Anahi
- We can understand observation as the visual record of what happens in a
real situation, in a given phenomenon, classifying and recording the
relevant events according to some planned scheme.
- In order for it to meet the validity and reliability requirements, it must be
well planned, skilfully and systematically conducted, as well as having
the skill to record data, differentiating the significant aspects from those
that are not.
- Some errors that are usually made are related to the emotions of the observer, since when they
become involved in the situation they lose objectivity in the observation and in the recording, analysis
and interpretation of the facts or phenomena.
- The specificity of this instrument is related
to the problem, objectives and the way in
which the observation will be made.
- The method of observation is extremely useful in all types of
research: descriptive, analytical and experimental
- To carry out the observation, the researcher can use an observation guide
whose content is based on what is being investigated
- Observation Types
- a) According to the role of the observer: Participant observation. It occurs
when the person who performs it comes into direct contact with the reality
under study, joining the group under investigation. Non-participant
observation: It is carried out outside the group and under the conditions
that are previously given by those observed, that is, respecting the behavior
guidelines of its members.
- b) Depending on the means used, it can be: Structured or systematic: When the
observer structures a script that allows him to establish in advance the aspects he
wishes to observe. systematizing the most significant details for the investigation.
In this type of observation, the observer will not only be able to use the script, he
will also be able to put at his disposal a variety of tables, lists, scales and other
annotations, as well as various mechanical instruments, such as the photographic
camera, the film camera, the magnetic tape recorder and other devices.
Unstructured, simple or free: When the observer only wants to be guided by very
general lines of observation.
- c) Depending on the place where it is carried out, it can be: Real and timely: When the events are
observed where they happen and at the precise moment in which they occur. Laboratory: Here the
observation is provoked and the observer must be prepared to control it through the laboratory.
- d) Depending on the number of observers involved, it can be: Individual: It presents as a limitation the
fact that information is only obtained from a single side. In a group: In this case, more than two eyes
are observing, with the consequent wealth of information, which allows obtaining various points of
view that are consistent with the entire phenomenon observed.
- a) According to the role of the observer: Participant observation. It occurs
when the person who performs it comes into direct contact with the reality
under study, joining the group under investigation. Non-participant
observation: It is carried out outside the group and under the conditions
that are previously given by those observed, that is, respecting the behavior
guidelines of its members.
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