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2829921
Impaired Liver Function
Description
Mind Map on Impaired Liver Function, created by Judy Thomas on 28/05/2015.
Mind Map by
Judy Thomas
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Judy Thomas
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Impaired Liver Function
Hepatocellular Injury
Injury to hepatocytes
Some causes: viral hepatitis, alcohol/drug toxicity, NAFLD, haemochromatosis
Cholestasis
Decreased bile flow
Some causes: obstruction by gall stones & malignancies, drugs, biliary cirrhosis
Liver Failure
Massive liver destruction
Fulminant/ chronic cirrhosis
Bilirubin Metabolism
Normal: Liver conjugates and excretes bilirubin
Abnormal: Jaundice (icterus) - bilirubin accumulates in tissues e.g. skin/sclera
Pre-hepatic - increased haemolysis and unconjugated bilirubin levels
Intrahepatic - liver damage reduces bilirubin conjugation and/or secretion
Post-hepatic - obstruction of bile flow after liver/cholestasis (e.g. gallstones)
Abnormal: Kernicterus - unconjugated bilirubin crosses BBB in premature babies
Abnormal: Steatorrhoea (pale fatty stools) - unable to produce/secrete bile needed for fat digestion
Alcohol & Drug Metabolism
Normal: detoxification of drugs & alcohol
Abnormal: Inadequate detox - leads to cell toxicity
Cholesterol & Steroid Metabolism
Normal: synthesis of lipoproteins, metabolism of steroids
Abnormal: inadequate metabolism leads to low serum cholesterol
Abnormal: increased steroid hormone levels
High sex hormones
Gynecomastia in males
High aldosterone
Fluid retention, edema
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Normal: glycogenesis (absorptive state); glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis (post-absorptive state)
Abnormal: risk of hypoglycemia
Storage of Vitamins & Minerals
Normal: Stores Vit A, B12, D, E & K, Fe, Cu
Abnormal: impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, high free iron (cell toxicity)
Protein Metabolism
Normal: synthesise albumin
Abnormal: low plasma albumin
Ascites
Normal: synthesise clotting factors
Abnormal: low clotting factors
Bleeding tendency
Normal: form urea from protein deamination
Abnormal: elevated ammonia levels
Cell toxicity
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