2883631
Description
Mind Map by kirstypowers, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kirstypowers
almost 11 years ago
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Percentage Yield
- Once a chemical has been extracted you need to test
for purity using chromatography, boiling and melting
points -- Pure substances have specific boiling&melting
points. Chromatography means it moves as one blob
- Allotropes of Carbon: Different forms
(structural) of the same element in the same
physical state.. 1) Diamond-hard-used in
cutting tools-lustrous & colourless for
Jewellery- doesn't conduct electricity&has
strong covalent bonds, lot of energy needed to
overcome them so have a high MP. 2)
Graphite-black and opaque&shiny-slippery-has
layers of carbon and has a HP because of
strong covalent bonds.
- Yields are less than 100%
because: 1) Evaporation, 2) Not all
reactants react to make a
product, 3) Filtration, 4)
Transferring liquids
- Percentage Yield: Actual yield
divided by Predicted Yield x 100
- Chemical
Production: the
types of
manufacturing
process depends
on the product.
- ADVANTAGES: 1) Flexible-make several
products. 2) Start up costs are low
- DISADVANTAGES: 1) Labour intensive. 2)
Hard to keep the same quality batch to
batch
- ADVANTAGES: 1) Flexible-make several
products. 2) Start up costs are low
- Continuous production runs all of the time
- ADVANTAGES: 1) Product
never stops. 2) Runs
automatically. 3) Quality is
very consistent.
- DISADVANTAGES: 1) Start up
costs are expensive
- ADVANTAGES: 1) Product
never stops. 2) Runs
automatically. 3) Quality is
very consistent.
- Pharmaceutical drugs: Research and
development requires a lot of work. Trialling is
time consuming and manufacturing is
expensive as well as labour intensive.
- Extracting a plant: 1. crush it. 2) Boil it so to dissolve in
a suitable solvent. 3) Separate it with chromatography.
4) Extract the chemical you want.
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