social approach concepts map

social approach concepts map

1. obedience

   • Obeying orders from an authority figure
   • Milgram's Agency Theory
     • Key terms  Agentic State: acting as agent of authority figure, conscience suppressed, possible moral strain, defers responsibility to authority figure. Autonomous state: acting of own free will, as individual, accepting responsibility, active conscience.
     • Apllication to Nazis
   • Studies
     • Milgram
       • administering increasing powerful shocks. 65% to 450V
     • Hofling
       • Hofling's study with nurses and the drug astroten. ordered to give overdose. 95% did.
     • Meeus and Raaijmakers
       • psychological violence instead of physical. 15 increasingly distressing remarks. 92% made all 15.

2. Prejudice

   • prejudice: preconceived opinion based on external factor such as age race religion etc
   • Social identity Theory
     • Tajfel. social categorisation : in-group/out-group. social identification: accepting group norms social comparison: putting out group down to boost in group self esteem.
   • Studies
     • Sherif
       • boys in a summer camp. ingroup favouritism. friction reduced by superordinate goals.
     • Jane elliot (optional)
       • Blue eyes brown eyes. class teacher.
   • discrimination
     • treating someone differently because of prejudice What's the difference? Prejudice = thought Discrimination = action

3. Research methods

   • sampling
     • random: everyone equal chance stratified: classifying the population into groups and then taking samples proportional to the size they are within the target population. opportunity: whoever is around at the time volunteer: as suggests.
   • open and closed
     • open: in depth, increases validity, harder to analyse as produces qualatitative closed: yes/no etc, reduces validity, narrow artificial. produces quantitative.
     • Qualitative and quantitative
       • qu\antitative: numbers Qualitative: words