Population continued to grow on the base
of the 18th-century population explosion
Better forms of transportation (such as the railway)
allowed people to migrate to the cities. . . by 1850,
one-half of the population of England and Whales and
one-quarter of the population of France and Germany
had become town-dwellers
Capital
The Industrial Revolution carried a domino-like
effect. With one advance came another, which
led to another in turn.
Profit made in early industries (e.g.
textile, iron-making, etc.) was reinvested
Markets
The end of the French Revolution and the
Napoleonic Wars opened the continent up
to British products
The Latin-American wars of
independence opened the markets
of Central and South America
The United States and Canada
demanded British products
Through its control of India, Britain
commanded the markets of southern Asia
Transportation
Canals
Railways: 1830's and
1840's were the great
ages of railroad
construction
Entrepreneurship
Strong middle class
Adventurous, liberal nobles who were willing to invest in new ventures