Philosophy

Is the study of self understanding, and love of wisdom (philos-love & sophia-wisdom). it is about asking about main concept looking for understanding and rational justification of our basic beliefs.
1. Branches
  1. Ontology- nature of beings
  2. Ethics- human behaviour and its acts, wrong or right.
  3. Anthropology- past, present and future of men behaviour
  4. Aesthetics- beauty and artistic phenomena
  5. Logic- validity of an argument
  6. Politics- organization of society and its public affairs
  7. Theodicy- prove God´s existence
  8. Metaphysics- origin of knowledge beyond nature
  9. Cosmology- theories of the beginning of everything and the universe
Myths
1. narration that tries to explain the origin of the earth or a culture where fantastic characters are included. It is an attenuated form of intellectuality using autonomous way of thinking that looks for social control (fear of people to act a certain way) and searches the development of Myth-Polis.
Pre- Soratic Cosmologists
1. Ionia- place in the coast of Antoia where philosophy is speculated to have started
2. Arché- ..first principle... first cause
3. Parmenides- senses are an illusion. Metaphysical conclusions about true nature of reality
4. Hybris- state of chaos and disorder
5. Thales- water is the first principle
6. Anaximines- air is the main element
7. Anaximander- think of the infinite; apeiro (infinite, boundless, shapeless)
8. Empedocles- four elements account all variety in the world. World cycles fully mix and separates the elements (love/attraction & strife/repulsion)
9. Democritus- atomism (universe composed on infinite microscopic corpuscles)
10. Heraclitus- Fire first element, constant change (logos)
11. Pythagoras- all things are numbers (maths to uknowledge and quasi-religious reverence towards leader.nderstand the world). Pursuit esoteric
Philosophical questions
1. Approach: critique (affirmation/iterrogation), rational (critical thinking), Universal (human condition, Abstract (generic notions) & Open (different standpoint answer)
2. content: sense of life, value of a particular act, existential and moral legitimacy (rights we have)
Sophists
1. taught rich people, "wisemen", humankind
2. Protagoras "Man is the meaure of all things"
3. persuation, teachers of persuation, first humanists
4. Gorgias: 1. Nothing exists 2. If somethig exists then we cannot know it 3.If I can know it I cannot communicate it
  1. Relativism: we can change all the things we want
Socratic Method
1. Eristic- art of persuation, individidual, focus on winning an argument and not in finding the truth
2. Maieutic- act of giving birth to new and true ideas known as the socratic method
3. Dialectics- postulation of one thesis, analysis, stating an antithesis and stablishing a synthesis
4. Dialogue- constant quest for truth using the spoken language
5. Socrates- called himself sculptor of men and midwife of true ideas
Plato and the World of Ideas
1. Cavern Myth
  1. world of Ideas- it is the truth and perfect state
  2. 1. sensitive
    2. ideas
      1. philosophers
        govern
    3. is all about reminiscence (remembering what we knew when we were on the ideas world). What we see is the part taking of the true image
2. Utopian Republic
  1. 1. King (golden soul) Reason
    2. Soldier (silver soul) Courage
    3. Worker (copper soul) appetite
3. concept of Beauty
  1. Beauty= mean of education. ideas world= true beauty; part taking= image of beauty; partaking of partaking= vague representation of beauty

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	Created by Laura Rodriguez over 8 years ago