BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA

LUNG CANCER
1. IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSE
  1. T cells, a key component of the immune system, respond to LC cells by attacking them once they identify the tumor specific antigens expressed by cancer cells
2. types
  1. NON-SMALL CELL (NSCLC)
    1. Adenocarcinoma
    2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    3. Large Cell Carcinoma
  2. SMALL CELL (SCLC)
    1. Small cell Carcinoma
    2. Combined Small Cell Carcinoma
3. RISK FACTORS
  1. cigarette smoke
    1. carcinogenic substances in there can work as both initiators and promoters
  2. industrial hazards
    1. asbestos, uranium, radiaton
  3. pollution
    1. radioactive gas
  4. molecular genetics
    1. mutations that overexpress oncogenes or inhibit tumor suppressor genes
BIOPSY
1. 1. microscopically ->
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
1. COUGHING BLOOD
  1. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    1. AIRWAY
      1. Acute or chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, bronchogenic CA, bronchial carcinoid tumour, cystic Fibrosis
    2. PARENCHYMAL
      1. Pneumonia, TB, lung abscess, fungal infection, primary lung cancer, pulmonary metastasis
    3. VASCULAR
      1. PE, elevated pulmonary venous pressure: left ventricular dysfunction/failure, mitral stenosis. Vascular malformation, vasculitis, goodpasture’s syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
    4. OTHER CAUSES
      1. Impaired coagulation, pulmonary endometriosis, trauma, foreign Body
2. recurrent chest infections
3. hacking cough
4. persistent breathlessness
5. unexplained weight loss
6. SECONDARY PATHOLOGY
  1. due to anatomic changes
    1. dysphagia
    2. hoarse voice
    3. finger clubbing
    4. wheezing
MANAGEMENT
1. 4 main ways: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy

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BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA

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	Created by SaHaR OsMaN over 2 years ago