3782735
English Language Change from 1066 AD to 1500 AD
- Changes to words and sentences
- Normans abandoned Old Norse (Viking) for French
- Norse influence caused grammatical change
- Inflections (endings) to word roots
- Inflections (endings) to word roots
- Pronounciation changes
- Inflections sometimes dropped
- Some words sounded like other words
- Rigid sentence structure implemented to combat this
- Subject + Verb + Object
- Subject + Verb + Object
- Rigid sentence structure implemented to combat this
- Some words sounded like other words
- Inflections sometimes dropped
- Normans abandoned Old Norse (Viking) for French
- Norman French influence
- Influenced language in royal court, church, law and education
- Words borrowed from French
- Words for meat introduced instead of animal name
- Pork (porc)
- Beef (boeuf)
- Mutton (mouton)
- Pork (porc)
- Words respelt using French conventions
- îs > ice
- cwçn > queen
- îs > ice
- Influence waned by 14th century
- Influenced language in royal court, church, law and education
- Language and contexts
- Anglo-Norman was spoken language of court, administration and culture
- Latin was written language of church and official records
- Domesday book used Latin to emphasise legal authority
- Domesday book used Latin to emphasise legal authority
- Peasantry and lower classes spoke Old English
- Considered by Normans as lower class language
- 95% of population
- Considered by Normans as lower class language
- Anglo-Norman was spoken language of court, administration and culture
- New words
- 10,000 words moved from Norman into English
- 75% are still in use today
- 75% are still in use today
- Abstract nouns introduced
- Ending in:
- -age
- -ance/ence
- -ant/ent
- -ity
- -tion
- -age
- Starting in
- con-
- pre-
- ex-
- trans-
- de-
- con-
- Ending in:
- Tradesmen
- Humble trades kept anglo-saxon names
- Baker
- Miller
- Shoemaker
- Baker
- Skilled trades adopted French names
- Mason
- Painter
- Tailor
- Merchant
- Mason
- Humble trades kept anglo-saxon names
- Synonyms
- Infant/child
- Battle/fight
- Labour/work
- Desire/wish
- Conceal/hide
- Aid/help
- Odour/smell
- Infant/child
- French and Old English combined
- French 'gentle' + Germanic 'man' > gentleman
- French 'gentle' + Germanic 'man' > gentleman
- Examples
- Crown and Authority
- Prince
- Count
- Duke
- Some Anglo-saxon words remained
- King
- Queen
- Earl
- Lady
- King
- Prince
- Government and administration
- City
- Government
- Parliament
- City
- Court and law
- Jury
- Accuse
- Jury
- War and combat
- Authority and Control
- Serf
- Obedience
- Serf
- Fashion and high living
- Mansion
- Mansion
- Crown and Authority
- 10,000 words moved from Norman into English
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