Power is the
ability to
impose one's
will on other
Less powerful groups may
organize and resist; and
organization and resistance are
themselves based of power
Often invisible
Authority is legitimate,
institutionalized power that rests on
moral consent. Evokes compliance
without force beause people view it as
valid
Feudism is a legal arrangement that started early. it
was a requirement for them to give tribute to the
landlords (harvest). Open their storehouses in case
crops failed.
Symbolic relationship between peasant and landlord
Marx Conflict Theory
Exploitation of workers
Factory Assimilation shows that it is not happy
because the owners are motivated by only profift.
Their goal would be to have bigger factories and
keep wages low
Class consciousness is when workers became aware
of this exploitation
Encouraged the growth of unions and workers' political parties
The bourgeoisie were powerful
and greedy, little incentive to
improve conditions
Class by Marx says that it is
determined by a person's
relationship to the means of
production
Bourgeoisie and Proletariat
Bourgeoisie are owners of the means of
production. They don't do labour and get
profits.
Proletariat are the working class
and do physical labour. They earn
wages.
Table can be exchanged
for something: money or
exchange value
Marx: the problem with profit
Marx says relations are
reduced to
money
relations
Man is reduced to machine.
"Making ends meet"
Commodity fetishism is the people who earn
wages want to have money. We build
commodities into a fetish; they have a value
on objects.
Critque of Marx
Marx did not see some aspects
of capitalist development
Industrial societies did not polarize into two
opposed classes engaged in bitter conflict
Technology actually helped workers earn more
Communism took place in
semi-industrialized
countries like Russia
Stratification in Education:
Homogenizing and Sorting
Teach young people the key capacities of
communication, coordination, and economic
productivity
Create homogeneity out of diversity through curriculum
Sort students into paths that
determine their future social classes
Mass Education
Religion is no longer
the main source from
knowledge
Only an importance to the family is
as an agent of socialization
Universal mass education is
only recently important
Huge social change
Replacing family and religion with centralized and rationalized system created
strong pressures toward uniformity and standardization
Rise of Mass Schooling
Printing press: enabled literacy to
spread beyond elite circles
Protestantism: protestants encouraged people to read scriptures
Democracy has led to free education for all children
Industrialization is mass education that is widely recgonized
as an absolute necessity for creating an industrial economy
Highly productive economy requires an education system
Credential inflation means it takes more
certificates or degrees to qualify for a particular
job
Professionalization fuels it. It occurs when members of an
occupation insist that people earn certain credentials to enter
the occupation
Bourdieu says that education is central to creation and transmission of
cultural capital which is leaning skills that ensure superioir positions in
productive activity
Scarce and valuable because it is expensive and difficult to acquire
Learning involves discipline or pedagogic violence
which is the application by teachers of punishments
intended to discourage any deviation from the dominant
culture